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Normal cervix and CINs contained diffuse CD34-positive stromal cells but no \u03b1-SMA-positive myofibroblasts. In contrast, 34 of 38 SCCs were free of CD34-positive stromal cells and all contained \u03b1-SMA-positive stromal myofibroblasts; adjacent normal tissue contained CD34-positive stromal cells and no \u03b1-SMA-positive myofibroblasts. More intense TGF-\u03b21 expression was observed in SCC cells than in normal cervical epithelium or CINs. This study shows that the disappearance of CD34-positive stromal cells and appearance of \u03b1-SMA-positive stromal myofibroblasts may be associated with transformation of cervical CIN to SCC. 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