{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T12:43:18Z","timestamp":1777725798610,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Wear particle-induced inflammation is a major factor contributing to aseptic loosening in peri-prosthetic tissue. The effects of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) on wear particle-induced inflammation remain unclear. Reverse transcription\u2013polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to assess the effects of a CB\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -selective antagonist, AM630, on regulation of the inflammatory reaction and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to in vitro and in vivo stimulation with titanium particles. In vitro studies, in a model for pre-osteoclast-like cells, demonstrated that AM630 inactivation of CB\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    profoundly inhibited interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 production by RAW264.7 cells stimulated with titanium particles. In vivo findings in a murine air-pouch model of titanium-induced inflammatory osteolysis indicated that AM630 reduced titanium-induced tissue inflammation, seen as a reduction in pouch membrane thickness, inflammatory infiltration and levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1. Thus, inactivation of CB\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    by AM630 inhibited the titanium particle-induced inflammatory reaction by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/147323001003800616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]],"date-time":"2013-02-27T14:22:55Z","timestamp":1361974975000},"page":"2023-2032","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effects of a Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Selective Antagonist on the Inflammatory Reaction to Titanium Particles\n                    <i>In Vivo<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>In Vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"F","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"X","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, 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