{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T02:45:53Z","timestamp":1792637153138,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,15]],"date-time":"2016-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Qualitative Social Work"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Significant previous research has focused on how individuals experience stigma when interacting with the public sphere and service agencies; the purpose of this grounded theory study is to explore how formerly incarcerated mothers with histories of substance use experience stigmas from their intimate relationships with family and romantic partners. Using an intersectionality lens, this study reveals that the women perceived multiple stigmas due to their previous substance use, incarceration, and other addiction-related behaviors that challenged their roles as mothers and romantic partners. Compounding the behavioral-related stigmas were race and class-based stereotypes of black criminality that also challenged women\u2019s ability to embody key motherhood and womanhood roles. As a result, the women employed resistance strategies to safeguard against stigma and preserve their recovery. The implications for practice underscore the significance of addressing personal experiences of stigma, complex relational dynamics, and understanding the needs of support systems that are also shaped by the women\u2019s cycles of incarceration and illness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1473325016680282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,20]],"date-time":"2017-01-20T22:23:19Z","timestamp":1484950999000},"page":"490-508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["\u201cThat\u2019s not me anymore\u201d: Resistance strategies for managing intersectional stigmas for women with substance use and incarceration histories"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Alana J","family":"Gunn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Binghamton University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina K","family":"Sacks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Jemal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunter College, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1473325016680282","volume-title":"Life Sentences: Denying Welfare Benefits to Women Convicted of Drug Offenses","author":"Allard P","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr3-1473325016680282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benwell B and Stokoe E (2010) Analysing identity in interaction: Contrasting discourse, genealogical, narrative and conversation analysis. 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Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, pp.187\u2013203."},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr8-1473325016680282","first-page":"145","volume":"33","author":"Carstairs C","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Canadian Studies\/Revue d\u2019etudes canadiennes"},{"key":"bibr10-1473325016680282","unstructured":"Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (2009)\n                      Substance Abuse Treatment: Addressing the Specific Needs of Women.\n                      Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US). (Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 51.) Appendix A: Bibliography."},{"key":"bibr11-1473325016680282","volume-title":"Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide Through Qualitative Analysis","author":"Charmaz K","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr12-1473325016680282","unstructured":"Chesney-Lind, M. (2002) Imprisoning women: The unintended victims of mass imprisonment. In: Mauer M and Chesney-Lind M (eds)\n                      Invisible Punishment: The Collateral Consequences of Mass Imprisonment\n                      . NY: The New York Press, pp.79\u201394."},{"key":"bibr13-1473325016680282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/669608"},{"key":"bibr14-1473325016680282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011128701047003003"},{"key":"bibr91-1473325016680282","unstructured":"Collins PH (2002)\n                      Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment.\n                      Routledge."},{"key":"bibr16-1473325016680282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Correa Salazar C, Mart\u00ednez Apr\u00e1ez L and Martinez MA (2014) Female sex workers in the city of Bogot\u00e1: From stigma to empowerment. winning project of the international MA students contest on \u2018women empowerment for development\u2019.\n                      International Development Policy\n                      5(3): 1\u201330.","DOI":"10.4000\/poldev.1923"},{"key":"bibr18-1473325016680282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2008.10400665"},{"key":"bibr19-1473325016680282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1229039"},{"key":"bibr20-1473325016680282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/9780826116673"},{"key":"bibr21-1473325016680282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2206.2012.00889.x"},{"key":"bibr22-1473325016680282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.08.041"},{"key":"bibr23-1473325016680282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13691050500100385"},{"key":"bibr24-1473325016680282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105313507964"},{"key":"bibr25-1473325016680282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.109-4653"},{"key":"bibr26-1473325016680282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2004.01.011"},{"key":"bibr27-1473325016680282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2004.06.009"},{"key":"bibr28-1473325016680282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(01)00219-2"},{"key":"bibr29-1473325016680282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2007.26.2.137"},{"key":"bibr30-1473325016680282","unstructured":"Fitzgerald T, Purington T, Davis K, et al. (2004) Utilization of needle exchange programs and substance abuse treatment services by injection drug users: Social work practice implications of a harm reduction model. In: Mancoske R, James S and Shelby D (eds)\n                      Practice Issues in HIV\/AIDS Services: Empowerment-Based Models and Program Applications\n                      . NY: Routledge, pp.107\u2013125."},{"key":"bibr31-1473325016680282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X06287104"},{"key":"bibr32-1473325016680282","volume-title":"The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research","author":"Glaser BG","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr33-1473325016680282","volume-title":"Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity","author":"Goffman E","year":"1963"},{"key":"bibr92-1473325016680282","unstructured":"Grant MG (2014)\n                      Playing the Whore: The Work of Sex Work\n                      . 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