{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:30:05Z","timestamp":1777941005334,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Qualitative Social Work"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic have been catastrophic internationally, with alarming rates of cases and deaths, as well as travel bans and countrywide lockdowns. While many industries are experiencing the deleterious effects of Covid-19, international surrogacy is facing enormous ethical challenges resulting from the pandemic. Drawing on the first author\u2019s reflections on research with Indian surrogate mothers, coupled with contemporary literature, this paper highlights the impacts of Covid-19 on surrogacy in India, particularly regarding the strict lockdown laws intended to protect civil society. This paper discusses the serious issues facing key actors involved in surrogacy, including surrogate mothers and commissioning parents. Focus is given to the psychological impacts on newborn babies caught in a liminal space as a result of lockdown laws. The authors conclude with reflections on the role of social work in protecting women and children in international surrogacy, particularly during a pandemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1473325020981082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T07:15:48Z","timestamp":1614842148000},"page":"472-478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on surrogacy in India: The role of social work"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1584-9192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lopamudra","family":"Goswami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Services and Social Work, Department of Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen Anthony","family":"Larmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Services and Social Work, Department of Health, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Boddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"bibr1-1473325020981082","first-page":"345","volume":"9","author":"Bandelli D","year":"2019","journal-title":"Italian Sociological Review"},{"key":"bibr2-1473325020981082","unstructured":"Banerjee T, Pandey JM (2020) Kolkata-bound flyers keep fingers crossed.\n                      Times of India\n                      , 28 May.\u00a0Available at: https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/kolkata\/kolkata-bound-flyers-keep-fingers-crossed\/articleshow\/76049183.cms"},{"key":"bibr3-1473325020981082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8519.00338"},{"key":"bibr4-1473325020981082","unstructured":"Beniwal V (2020) India\u2019s painful Shecession: Coronavirus impact worsens gender gap.\n                      NDTV\n                      , 27 June. Available at: https:\/\/www.ndtv.com\/india-news\/coronavirus-impact-worsens-gender-gap-indias-painful-shecession-2253037"},{"key":"bibr5-1473325020981082","volume-title":"The Red Market: On the Trail of the World\u2019s Organ Brokers","author":"Carney S","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr6-1473325020981082","unstructured":"Choudhury SR (2020) India\u2019s economy was hit by the coronavirus lockdown. These charts show how.\n                      CNBC\n                      , 22 June. Available at: https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2020\/06\/22\/economic-impact-of-indias-coronavirus-lockdown-in-four-charts.html"},{"key":"bibr7-1473325020981082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18574\/nyu\/9781479804214.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr8-1473325020981082","unstructured":"Grytsenko O (2020) The stranded babies of Kyiv and the women who give birth for money.\n                      The Guardian,\n                      15 June. Available at: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/jun\/15\/the-stranded-babies-of-kyiv-and-the-women-who-give-birth-for-money"},{"key":"bibr9-1473325020981082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781780688633.027"},{"key":"bibr10-1473325020981082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08038740.2012.729535"},{"key":"bibr11-1473325020981082","first-page":"46","volume-title":"Responding to Illegal Adoptions: A Professional Handbook","author":"Lemieux J","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr12-1473325020981082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.20.2.247"},{"key":"bibr13-1473325020981082","unstructured":"Nobre A (2020) Excess babies: The tragedy of the surrogacy industry during Covid-19.\n                      4w.pub\n                      , 13 May. Available at: https:\/\/4w.pub\/excess-babies\/"},{"key":"bibr14-1473325020981082","unstructured":"Ojha S (2020) Babies born of surrogacy stuck due to countrywide lockdown.\n                      NewsBytes\n                      , 5 May. Available at: https:\/\/www.newsbytesapp.com\/news\/india\/coronavirus-babies-in-surrogacy-lab-in-gujarat-suffer\/story"},{"key":"bibr15-1473325020981082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11133-009-9138-0"},{"key":"bibr16-1473325020981082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651043"}],"container-title":["Qualitative Social Work"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1473325020981082","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1473325020981082","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1473325020981082","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:08:34Z","timestamp":1777702114000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1473325020981082"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1473325020981082"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1473325020981082","relation":{},"ISSN":["1473-3250","1741-3117"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1473-3250","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3117","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}}}