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In particular, we present a set of concepts to systematically analyse what a user must theoretically do to decipher representations. The analysis consists of a decomposition of the activity of scanning into elementary visualization operations. We show how the analysis applies to various existing representations, and how expected benefits can be expressed in terms of elementary operations. The set of elementary operations form the basis of a shared language for representation designers. The decomposition highlights the challenges encountered by a user when deciphering a representation and helps designers to exhibit possible flaws in their design, justify their choices, and compare designs. We also show that interaction with a representation can be considered as facilitation to perform the elementary operations. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Categories and subject descriptors <\/jats:p><jats:p> H.5.2 User Interfaces \u2013 evaluation\/methodology, screen design. <\/jats:p><jats:p> General terms <\/jats:p><jats:p> design, human factors <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1473871611415988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,30]],"date-time":"2011-07-30T01:39:44Z","timestamp":1311989984000},"page":"196-211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Visual scanning as a reference framework for interactive representation design"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Conversy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, IRIT, Toulouse, France."}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Chatty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, ENAC, Toulouse, France."}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Hurter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, DGAC R\/D & ENAC & IRIT, Toulouse, France."}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1473871611415988","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFVIS.2004.10"},{"key":"bibr2-1473871611415988","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327051hci1204_5"},{"key":"bibr3-1473871611415988","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.111.4.1036"},{"key":"bibr4-1473871611415988","unstructured":"Bertin J. S\u00e9miologie Graphique \u2013 Les diagrammes \u2013 les r\u00e9seaux \u2013 les cartes. Paris: Gauthier-Villars et Mouton & Cie. R\u00e9\u00e9dition de 1997, EHESS, 1967."},{"key":"bibr5-1473871611415988","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1984.10478080"},{"key":"bibr6-1473871611415988","volume-title":"The Visual Display of Quantitative Information","author":"Tufte ER","year":"2001","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr7-1473871611415988","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3100-2"},{"key":"bibr8-1473871611415988","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2009.111"},{"key":"bibr9-1473871611415988","unstructured":"Ware C. Visual Thinking for Design. Morgan Kaufmann, Waltham, MA, 2008."},{"key":"bibr10-1473871611415988","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crowe EC and Narayanan NH. Comparing interfaces based on what users watch and do. Proceedings of the 2000 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications. ETRA '00. 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