{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T03:29:42Z","timestamp":1777778982909,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,8]],"date-time":"2012-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349654400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Information Visualization"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>High-dimensional data sets containing hundreds of variables are difficult to explore, as traditional visualization methods often are unable to represent such data effectively. This is commonly addressed by employing dimensionality reduction prior to visualization. Numerous dimensionality reduction methods are available. However, few reduction approaches take the importance of several structures into account and few provide an overview of structures existing in the full high-dimensional data set. For exploratory analysis, as well as for many other tasks, several structures may be of interest. Exploration of the full high-dimensional data set without reduction may also be desirable. This paper presents flexible methods for exploratory analysis and interactive dimensionality reduction. Automated methods are employed to analyse the variables, using a range of quality metrics, providing one or more measures of \u2018interestingness\u2019 for individual variables. Through ranking, a single value of interestingness is obtained, based on several quality metrics, that is usable as a threshold for the most interesting variables. An interactive environment is presented in which the user is provided with many possibilities to explore and gain understanding of the high-dimensional data set. Guided by this, the analyst can explore the high-dimensional data set and interactively select a subset of the potentially most interesting variables, employing various methods for dimensionality reduction. The system is demonstrated through a use-case analysing data from a DNA sequence-based study of bacterial populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1473871612460526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,8]],"date-time":"2012-10-08T21:12:39Z","timestamp":1349730759000},"page":"44-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Quality-based guidance for exploratory dimensionality reduction"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sara Johansson","family":"Fernstad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"C-Research, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Unilever Discover Port Sunlight, Bebington, UK"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unilever Discover Port Sunlight, Bebington, UK"}]},{"given":"Jimmy","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C-Research, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1473871612460526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01898350"},{"key":"bibr2-1473871612460526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1990.10474926"},{"key":"bibr3-1473871612460526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1987.10488204"},{"key":"bibr4-1473871612460526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2009.153"},{"key":"bibr5-1473871612460526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.ivs.9500053"},{"key":"bibr6-1473871612460526","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st IEEE symposium on biological data visualization (BioVis)","author":"Johansson Fernstad S"},{"key":"bibr7-1473871612460526","volume-title":"Genetic algorithms in search, optimization and machine learning","author":"Goldberg DE","year":"1989","edition":"1"},{"key":"bibr8-1473871612460526","volume-title":"Introduction to multivariate analysis","author":"Cox T","year":"2005","edition":"1"},{"key":"bibr9-1473871612460526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2005.91"},{"key":"bibr10-1473871612460526","first-page":"318","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems: celebrating interdependence","author":"Rao R"},{"key":"bibr11-1473871612460526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/106186002317375604"},{"key":"bibr12-1473871612460526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2945.841121"},{"key":"bibr13-1473871612460526","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th IEEE symposium on information visualization","author":"Yang J"},{"key":"bibr14-1473871612460526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2011.178"},{"key":"bibr15-1473871612460526","first-page":"147","volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE symposium on visual analytics science and technology","author":"Barlowe S"},{"key":"bibr16-1473871612460526","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE symposium on visual analytics science and technology","author":"Nam EJ"},{"key":"bibr17-1473871612460526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00030-7"},{"key":"bibr18-1473871612460526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-C.1974.224051"},{"key":"bibr19-1473871612460526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2004.17"},{"key":"bibr20-1473871612460526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2011.01941.x"},{"key":"bibr21-1473871612460526","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGKDD international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining","author":"Kandogan E"},{"key":"bibr22-1473871612460526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/0906011"},{"key":"bibr23-1473871612460526","first-page":"57","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th IEEE symposium on information visualization","author":"Williams M"},{"key":"bibr24-1473871612460526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac800110w"},{"key":"bibr25-1473871612460526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2009.01475.x"},{"key":"bibr26-1473871612460526","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th IEEE symposium on information visualization","author":"Seo J"},{"key":"bibr27-1473871612460526","first-page":"707","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th international conference on information visualization","author":"Artero AO"},{"key":"bibr28-1473871612460526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2009.01467.x"},{"key":"bibr29-1473871612460526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2010.242"},{"key":"bibr30-1473871612460526","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE symposium on visual analytics science and technology","author":"Albuquerque G"},{"key":"bibr31-1473871612460526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2011.01961.x"},{"key":"bibr32-1473871612460526","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Proceedings of Eurographics\/IEEE TCVG symposium on visualization","author":"Yang J"},{"key":"bibr33-1473871612460526","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization","author":"Yang J"},{"key":"bibr34-1473871612460526","volume-title":"Proceedings of IS&T\/SPIE conference on visualization and data analysis","author":"Schreck T"},{"key":"bibr35-1473871612460526","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE symposium on visual analytics science and technology","author":"Ingram S"},{"key":"bibr36-1473871612460526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/evco.1994.2.3.221"},{"key":"bibr37-1473871612460526","first-page":"416","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th international conference on genetic algorithms","author":"Fonseca CM"},{"key":"bibr38-1473871612460526","volume-title":"Paper presented at International Association for Dental Research General Session","author":"Adams SE"},{"key":"bibr39-1473871612460526","unstructured":"Asuncion A, Newman DJ. UCI machine learning repository, http:\/\/www.ics.uci.edu\/~mlearn\/MLRepository.html (accessed February 2010)."},{"key":"bibr40-1473871612460526","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of first SIAM international conference on data mining","author":"Nagesh H"},{"key":"bibr41-1473871612460526","first-page":"94","volume-title":"Proceedings of ACM SIGMOD international conference on management of data","author":"Agrawal R"},{"key":"bibr42-1473871612460526","first-page":"487","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 20th international conference on very large data bases","author":"Agrawal R"},{"key":"bibr43-1473871612460526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2685263"},{"key":"bibr44-1473871612460526","volume-title":"Research design and statistical analysis","author":"Myers JL","year":"1991","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr45-1473871612460526","volume-title":"Mathematical statistics with applications","author":"Wackerly DD","year":"2008","edition":"7"},{"key":"bibr46-1473871612460526","volume-title":"Kendall\u2019s advanced theory of statistics, vol. 1, distribution theory","author":"Kendall M","year":"1987","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr47-1473871612460526","volume-title":"Applied regression analysis","author":"Draper NR","year":"1981","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr48-1473871612460526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1239303"},{"key":"bibr49-1473871612460526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303"}],"container-title":["Information Visualization"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1473871612460526","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1473871612460526","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1473871612460526","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:21:07Z","timestamp":1777490467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1473871612460526"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,8]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1473871612460526"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1473871612460526","relation":{},"ISSN":["1473-8716","1473-8724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1473-8716","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-8724","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,8]]}}}