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Specifically, we examine the response accuracy and response times of 181 adults who were asked to (1) identify the highest magnitude, (2) estimate a proportion, (3) perform both at the same time, and (4) solve a map-related task using the two chart setups. For each task, charts were shown on backgrounds with increasing visual complexity: a blank, a borders-only, and a choropleth map. Furthermore, we tested whether participants\u2019 performance improved through additional practice with the two chart types. We did not observe any differences in participants\u2019 aggregated response accuracy or response times between the tested three-dimensional and two-dimensional chart types for the (1) highest magnitude task and (2) proportion task. However, participants solved the (3) combination task with two-dimensional pie and bar charts on a blank background more accurately and were faster in fulfilling the (4) spatial task with three-dimensional pie charts. The first difference, however, leveled for participants who gained more practice and who accomplished the combination task on maps with higher visual complexity, whereas the second difference persisted even for more trained subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1473871619896103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T06:06:27Z","timestamp":1579586787000},"page":"183-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["An empirical evaluation of three-dimensional pie charts with individually extruded sectors in a geovisualization context"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7558-3621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raimund","family":"Schn\u00fcrer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cartography and Geoinformation, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Ritzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geographic Information Visualization & Analysis, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arzu","family":"\u00c7\u00f6ltekin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geographic Information Visualization & Analysis, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Interactive Technologies (IIT), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Sieber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cartography and Geoinformation, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1473871619896103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3100-2"},{"key":"bibr2-1473871619896103","volume-title":"Benutzerdefinierte Diagrammsignaturen in Karten, Konzepte, Formalisierung und Implementationen","author":"Schnabel O","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr3-1473871619896103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1743546.1743567"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr4-1473871619896103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.14393\/rbcv67n5-44627","volume":"67","author":"Schn\u00fcrer R","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Bras Cartogr"},{"key":"bibr5-1473871619896103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/idj.19.3.02erv"},{"key":"bibr6-1473871619896103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23768-3_23"},{"key":"bibr7-1473871619896103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0098-3004(99)00036-9"},{"key":"bibr8-1473871619896103","volume-title":"Schweizer Weltatlas","author":"Hurni L","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr9-1473871619896103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/10769986030004353"},{"key":"bibr10-1473871619896103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1984.10478080"},{"key":"bibr11-1473871619896103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1987.10478448"},{"key":"bibr12-1473871619896103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.2350050106"},{"key":"bibr13-1473871619896103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872089203400306"},{"key":"bibr14-1473871619896103","unstructured":"Fausset CB, Rogers WA, Fisk AD. 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