{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:06:00Z","timestamp":1772165160510,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.sagepub.com\/licence-information-for-chorus"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["251654672-TRR 161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["251654672-TRR 161"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000145","name":"Division of Information and Intelligent Systems","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIS 1751238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIS 1751238"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000145","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Information Visualization"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Predicting and capturing an analyst\u2019s intent behind a selection in a data visualization is valuable in two scenarios: First, a successful prediction of a pattern an analyst intended to select can be used to auto-complete a partial selection which, in turn, can improve the correctness of the selection. Second, knowing the intent behind a selection can be used to improve recall and reproducibility. In this paper, we introduce methods to infer analyst\u2019s intents behind selections in data visualizations, such as scatterplots. We describe intents based on patterns in the data, and identify algorithms that can capture these patterns. Upon an interactive selection, we compare the selected items with the results of a large set of computed patterns, and use various ranking approaches to identify the best pattern for an analyst\u2019s selection. We store annotations and the metadata to reconstruct a selection, such as the type of algorithm and its parameterization, in a provenance graph. We present a prototype system that implements these methods for tabular data and scatterplots. Analysts can select a prediction to auto-complete partial selections and to seamlessly log their intents. We discuss implications of our approach for reproducibility and reuse of analysis workflows. We evaluate our approach in a crowd-sourced study, where we show that auto-completing selection improves accuracy, and that we can accurately capture pattern-based intent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/14738716211038604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T06:07:54Z","timestamp":1629266874000},"page":"207-228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Predicting intent behind selections in scatterplot visualizations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6916-2583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiran","family":"Gadhave","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"G\u00f6rtler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany"}]},{"given":"Zach","family":"Cutler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Nobre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Deussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany"}]},{"given":"Miriah","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"}]},{"given":"Jeff M.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6930-5468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Lex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2133806.2133821"},{"key":"bibr2-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1987.10488204"},{"key":"bibr3-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2013.124"},{"key":"bibr4-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1473871615621602"},{"key":"bibr5-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2020.3030376"},{"key":"bibr6-14738716211038604","author":"Myers BA.","year":"1987","journal-title":"PhD Thesis, University of Toronto, Canada"},{"key":"bibr7-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/ivs.2008.31"},{"key":"bibr8-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2015.2467611"},{"key":"bibr9-14738716211038604","first-page":"517","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM SIGMOD international conference on management of data. SIGMOD\u201914","author":"Dimitriadou K"},{"key":"bibr10-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2018.2864477"},{"key":"bibr11-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2009.49"},{"key":"bibr12-14738716211038604","first-page":"33","volume-title":"CHI\u201911 extended abstracts on human factors in computing systems. CHI EA\u201911","author":"North C"},{"key":"bibr13-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2014.2346575"},{"key":"bibr14-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13730"},{"key":"bibr15-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13670"},{"key":"bibr16-14738716211038604","first-page":"317","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2013 international conference on intelligent user interfaces. IUI\u201913","author":"Steichen B"},{"key":"bibr17-14738716211038604","first-page":"1728","volume-title":"Twenty-Ninth AAAI conference on artificial intelligence","author":"Gingerich MJ"},{"key":"bibr18-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2020.3030430"},{"key":"bibr19-14738716211038604","first-page":"1363","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 international conference on management of data. SIGMOD\u201916","author":"Battle L"},{"key":"bibr20-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2007.70594"},{"key":"bibr21-14738716211038604","first-page":"93","volume-title":"2019 IEEE conference on visual analytics science and technology (VAST)","author":"Tory M"},{"key":"bibr22-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2016.2598839"},{"key":"bibr23-14738716211038604","unstructured":"Saket B, Jiang L, Perin C, et al. Liger: combining interaction paradigms for visual analysis. arXiv:190708345 [cs]2019; 1907.08345."},{"key":"bibr24-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3137765.3137813"},{"key":"bibr25-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13405"},{"key":"bibr26-14738716211038604","first-page":"271","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE conference on visualization (Vis\u201995)","author":"Martin AR"},{"key":"bibr27-14738716211038604","first-page":"189","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM symposium on user interface software and technology. UIST\u201997","author":"Derthick M"},{"key":"bibr28-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/52.329404"},{"key":"bibr29-14738716211038604","first-page":"959","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. CHI\u201908","author":"Heer J"},{"key":"bibr30-14738716211038604","first-page":"215","volume-title":"Proceedings of graphics interface 2009. GI\u201909","author":"Su SL"},{"key":"bibr31-14738716211038604","first-page":"107","volume-title":"2006 IEEE symposium on visual analytics science and technology","author":"Xiao L"},{"key":"bibr32-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2015.2467551"},{"key":"bibr33-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCSE.2008.79"},{"key":"bibr34-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2008.06.012"},{"key":"bibr35-14738716211038604","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE conference on supercomputing (SC\u201995)","author":"Parker SG"},{"key":"bibr36-14738716211038604","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE conference on visualization (VIS\u201905)","author":"Bavoil L"},{"key":"bibr37-14738716211038604","first-page":"1663","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems (CHI\u201912)","author":"Dunne C"},{"key":"bibr38-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2016.2598497"},{"key":"bibr39-14738716211038604","first-page":"116","volume-title":"IEEE visualization conference (VIS)","author":"Cutler ZT"},{"key":"bibr40-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2008.137"},{"key":"bibr41-14738716211038604","first-page":"131","volume-title":"2009 IEEE symposium on visual analytics science and technology","author":"Kadivar N"},{"key":"bibr42-14738716211038604","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE symposium on information visualization (InfoVis\u201904)","author":"Kreuseler M"},{"key":"bibr43-14738716211038604","first-page":"1237","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. CHI\u201908","author":"Shrinivasan YB"},{"key":"bibr44-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2011.108"},{"key":"bibr45-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12925"},{"key":"bibr46-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visinf.2018.12.002"},{"key":"bibr47-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2018.2865024"},{"key":"bibr48-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2018.2865039"},{"key":"bibr49-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2006.101"},{"key":"bibr50-14738716211038604","first-page":"801","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems","author":"Wright W"},{"key":"bibr51-14738716211038604","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Proceedings of the symposium on visualization (EuroVis\u201907)","author":"Wohlfart M"},{"key":"bibr52-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.ivs.9500173"},{"key":"bibr53-14738716211038604","volume-title":"Poster compendium of the computation + journalism symposium","author":"Kwon BC","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr54-14738716211038604","first-page":"315","volume-title":"Proceedings of the conference on intelligent user interfaces (IUI\u201909)","author":"Gotz D"},{"key":"bibr55-14738716211038604","first-page":"111","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE symposium on information visualization (InfoVis\u201905)","author":"Amar R"},{"key":"bibr56-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2017.2744184"},{"key":"bibr57-14738716211038604","first-page":"421","volume-title":"Proceedings 17th international conference on data engineering","author":"Borzsony S"},{"key":"bibr58-14738716211038604","first-page":"2825","volume":"12","author":"Pedregosa F","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"bibr59-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2013.173"},{"key":"bibr60-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-70956-5_2"},{"key":"bibr61-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2020.3030433"},{"key":"bibr62-14738716211038604","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems","author":"Nobre C"},{"key":"bibr63-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-26633-6_13"},{"key":"bibr64-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203807002"},{"key":"bibr65-14738716211038604","first-page":"1","volume-title":"SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems (CHI) (to appear)","author":"Nobre C"},{"key":"bibr66-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-66435-4_5"},{"key":"bibr67-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1473871619878085"},{"key":"bibr68-14738716211038604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2020.3028985"}],"container-title":["Information Visualization"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14738716211038604","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/14738716211038604","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14738716211038604","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14738716211038604","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T19:09:11Z","timestamp":1740769751000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/14738716211038604"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/14738716211038604"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14738716211038604","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.31219\/osf.io\/mq2rk","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1473-8716","1473-8724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1473-8716","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-8724","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]}}}