{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:50:30Z","timestamp":1791204630098,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,3]],"date-time":"2013-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386028800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Breathlessness is a cardinal symptom of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); yet no breathlessness instrument has been previously tested for reliability and validity for this population. Using a cross-sectional design, we tested the psychometric properties of the Dyspnoea-12 (D-12), for the assessment of breathlessness in PAH. Pearson\u2019s correlations with World Health Organization functional class (WHO FC), Minnesota Living with Heart failure \u2013 pulmonary hypertension modified version (MLHF-PH), Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) and 6-minute walk distance test (6MWD) were conducted. Participants ( n = 176) were mostly female (70.5%), mean age 54.3\u00b114 years; diagnosed with idiopathic PAH (48.9%), congenital heart disease (27.8%) and connective tissue disease (23.3%); and most were WHO FC II (32.4%) and III (52.3%). The D-12 showed excellent internal consistency for the total and two-component scores for physical and emotional (Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 0.95, 0.93 and 0.94, respectively). D-12 total score was significantly associated with MLHF-PH ( r = 0.70), HADS (anxiety r = 0.54 and depression r = 0.68), WHO FC ( r = 0.49), and 6MWD ( r = -0.26). In patients with PAH, the D-12 - a short patient reported measure of breathlessness severity that taps the physical and emotional components, is a reliable and valid instrument. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1474515113514891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,4]],"date-time":"2013-12-04T04:14:07Z","timestamp":1386130447000},"page":"506-514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["The assessment of breathlessness in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Reliability and validity of the Dyspnoea-12"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Janelle","family":"Yorke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iain","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1474515113514891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f2028"},{"key":"bibr2-1474515113514891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp297"},{"key":"bibr3-1474515113514891","volume":"18","author":"Armstrong I","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"bibr4-1474515113514891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1054773810391249"},{"key":"bibr5-1474515113514891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2004.06.010"},{"key":"bibr6-1474515113514891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.5.1452"},{"key":"bibr7-1474515113514891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-6-92"},{"key":"bibr8-1474515113514891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00130405"},{"key":"bibr9-1474515113514891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1474515111429649"},{"key":"bibr10-1474515113514891","first-page":"1","volume":"11","author":"Banzett RB","year":"2001","journal-title":"APS Bulletin"},{"key":"bibr11-1474515113514891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201111-2042ST"},{"key":"bibr12-1474515113514891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2011.563285"},{"key":"bibr13-1474515113514891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/026921601678320278"},{"key":"bibr14-1474515113514891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198205000-00012"},{"key":"bibr15-1474515113514891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.85.6.751"},{"key":"bibr16-1474515113514891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.42.10.773"},{"key":"bibr17-1474515113514891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-1543"},{"key":"bibr18-1474515113514891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.118521"},{"key":"bibr19-1474515113514891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0693"},{"key":"bibr20-1474515113514891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2010.03.027"},{"key":"bibr21-1474515113514891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02770903.2011.585412"},{"key":"bibr22-1474515113514891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.1_suppl.14S"},{"key":"bibr23-1474515113514891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.166.1.at1102"},{"key":"bibr24-1474515113514891","first-page":"198","author":"Rector TS","year":"1987","journal-title":"Heart Failure"},{"key":"bibr25-1474515113514891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2008.04.016"},{"key":"bibr26-1474515113514891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x"},{"key":"bibr27-1474515113514891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466501163904"},{"key":"bibr28-1474515113514891","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310555"},{"key":"bibr29-1474515113514891","unstructured":"Coolican H. 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