{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:35:49Z","timestamp":1792787749489,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":149,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Doctoral Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Doctoral Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ontario Graduate Scholarship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evol Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Psychopathy has historically been conceptualized as a mental disorder, but there is growing evidence that it may instead be an alternative, adaptive life history strategy designed by natural selection. Although the etiology of mental disorders is not fully understood, one likely contributor is perturbations affecting neurodevelopment. Nonright-handedness is a sign of such perturbations, and therefore can be used to test these competing models. If psychopathy is a mental disorder, psychopaths should show elevated rates of nonright-handedness. However, an adaptive strategy perspective expects psychopaths to be neurologically healthy and therefore predicts typical rates of nonright-handedness. We meta-analyzed 16 studies that investigated the association between psychopathy and handedness in various populations. There was no difference in the rates of nonright-handedness between community participants high and low in psychopathy. Furthermore, there was no difference between psychopathic and nonpsychopathic offenders in rates of nonright-handedness, though there was a tendency for offenders scoring higher on the Interpersonal\/Affective dimension of psychopathy to have lower rates of nonright-handedness, and for offenders scoring higher on the Behavioral dimension of psychopathy to have higher rates of nonright-handedness. Lastly, there was no difference in rates of nonright-handedness between psychopathic and nonpsychopathic mental health patients. Thus, our results fail to support the mental disorder model and partly support the adaptive strategy model. We discuss limitations of the meta-analysis and implications for theories of the origins of psychopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/14747049211040447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]],"date-time":"2021-10-05T08:06:00Z","timestamp":1633421160000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Is Psychopathy a Mental Disorder or an Adaptation? Evidence From a Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Psychopathy and Handedness"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Lesleigh E.","family":"Pullman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabhan","family":"Refaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gordon S. Lang School of Business and Economics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin L.","family":"Lalumi\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6297-7739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"DB","family":"Krupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Lakehead University, 500 University Ave., Orillia, Ontario L3V 0B9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-14747049211040447","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-II","author":"American Psychiatric Association.","year":"1968","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr2-14747049211040447","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-III","author":"American Psychiatric Association.","year":"1980","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr3-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr4-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14640746708400109"},{"key":"bibr5-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2013.93"},{"key":"bibr6-14747049211040447","volume-title":"How to conduct a meta-analysis [workshop manual]","author":"Babchishin K. M.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr7-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs049"},{"key":"bibr8-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270050098"},{"key":"bibr9-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2004.12.021"},{"key":"bibr10-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.7.799"},{"key":"bibr11-14747049211040447","volume-title":"Handedness and developmental disorder","author":"Bishop D. V. M.","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr12-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1478994031000077925"},{"key":"bibr13-14747049211040447","volume-title":"The psychopath: Emotion and the brain","author":"Blair R. J. R.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr14-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470743386"},{"key":"bibr15-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003751"},{"key":"bibr16-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2013.10.008"},{"key":"bibr17-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110394"},{"key":"bibr18-14747049211040447","first-page":"330","volume":"2","author":"Brink J. H.","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Law and Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr19-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.3.438"},{"key":"bibr20-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.2.190"},{"key":"bibr21-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.11.1032"},{"key":"bibr22-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(92)90094-3"},{"key":"bibr23-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12145"},{"key":"bibr24-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2626(87)90118-7"},{"key":"bibr25-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.6.4.284"},{"key":"bibr26-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","volume-title":"The mask of sanity: An attempt to clarify some issues about the so-called psychopathic personality","author":"Cleckley H. M.","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.1951.11694097"},{"key":"bibr27-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104"},{"key":"bibr28-14747049211040447","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr29-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2009.09.006"},{"key":"bibr30-14747049211040447","volume-title":"The left-hander syndrome: The causes and consequences of left-handedness","author":"Coren S.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr31-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.64.4.783"},{"key":"bibr32-14747049211040447","volume-title":"Homicide","author":"Daly M.","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr33-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37423-8"},{"key":"bibr34-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42515-0"},{"key":"bibr35-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2005.00519.x"},{"key":"bibr36-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2015.01.003"},{"key":"bibr37-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"bibr38-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2007.09.001"},{"key":"bibr39-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4115(08)61258-3"},{"key":"bibr40-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2008.11.006"},{"key":"bibr41-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026371"},{"key":"bibr42-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijsp.ijsp_26_18"},{"key":"bibr43-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2004.2926"},{"key":"bibr44-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801426-4.00002-X"},{"key":"bibr45-14747049211040447","first-page":"245","volume-title":"The handbook of research synthesis","author":"Fleiss J. L.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr46-14747049211040447","unstructured":"*Folsom N. J. (1993).\n                      Psychopathy and learning disability in a male prison population\n                      [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Queen\u2019s University."},{"key":"bibr47-14747049211040447","unstructured":"*Forth A. E. (1992).\n                      Emotion and psychopathy: A three-component analysis\n                      [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. The University of British Columbia."},{"key":"bibr48-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.924"},{"key":"bibr49-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.06.018"},{"key":"bibr50-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2010.05.009"},{"key":"bibr51-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2013-1122"},{"key":"bibr52-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.1994.3"},{"key":"bibr53-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(97)00056-X"},{"key":"bibr54-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.08.1.p023"},{"key":"bibr55-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.66.2.348"},{"key":"bibr56-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(80)90028-8"},{"key":"bibr57-14747049211040447","volume-title":"The hare psychopathy checklist-revised (PCL-R)","author":"Hare R. D.","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr58-14747049211040447","volume-title":"Manual for the revised psychopathy checklist","author":"Hare R. D.","year":"2003","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr59-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.2.3.338"},{"key":"bibr60-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.100.3.391"},{"key":"bibr61-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.94.4.541"},{"key":"bibr62-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01338924"},{"key":"bibr63-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0162-3095(87)90019-7"},{"key":"bibr64-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2006.08.001"},{"key":"bibr65-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2007.21.1.1"},{"key":"bibr66-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009385480102800402"},{"key":"bibr67-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001504-199603000-00007"},{"key":"bibr68-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.117.1.167"},{"key":"bibr69-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557"},{"key":"bibr70-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035189"},{"key":"bibr71-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.137349"},{"key":"bibr72-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e557002006-001"},{"key":"bibr73-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191113514105"},{"key":"bibr74-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.3.355"},{"key":"bibr75-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X06009095"},{"key":"bibr76-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01222-7"},{"key":"bibr77-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.115.4.798"},{"key":"bibr78-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.9.2.89"},{"key":"bibr79-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2012.00305"},{"key":"bibr80-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00139"},{"key":"bibr81-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10961-000"},{"key":"bibr82-14747049211040447","first-page":"6","volume":"2","author":"Lalumi\u00e8re M. L.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychiatric Rounds"},{"key":"bibr83-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-5138(00)00064-7"},{"key":"bibr84-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"bibr85-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1977.tb41913.x"},{"key":"bibr86-14747049211040447","volume-title":"Neuropsychological assessment","author":"Lezak M. D.","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr87-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6603_3"},{"key":"bibr88-14747049211040447","volume-title":"Professional manual for the psychopathic personality inventory\u2013revised (PPI-R). Lutz","author":"Lilienfeld S. O.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr89-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930600551766"},{"key":"bibr90-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.106.3.425"},{"key":"bibr91-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17265\/2159-5313\/2016.09.003"},{"key":"bibr92-14747049211040447","first-page":"233","volume":"13","author":"*Mayer A. R.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, & Behavioral Neurology"},{"key":"bibr93-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1357650X.2021.1892126"},{"key":"bibr94-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0264180100001879"},{"key":"bibr95-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00039595"},{"key":"bibr96-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.09.005"},{"key":"bibr97-14747049211040447","unstructured":"*Miller S. K. (2001).\n                      Right handed versus non-right handed prison inmates: Addressing the neuropsychology of psychopathy\n                      [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. The Herman M. Finch University of Health Sciences\u2014Chicago Medical School."},{"key":"bibr98-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118524947.ch1"},{"key":"bibr99-14747049211040447","volume-title":"Innate: How the wiring of our brains shapes who we are","author":"Mitchell K. J.","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr100-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.100.4.674"},{"key":"bibr101-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579401002097"},{"key":"bibr102-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-10-5"},{"key":"bibr103-14747049211040447","volume-title":"Evolution and genetics for psychology","author":"Nettle D.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr104-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0522g"},{"key":"bibr105-14747049211040447","unstructured":"*O'Connor Pennuto T. (2007).\n                      Executive functioning, psychopathy, and moral reasoning among male violent offenders\n                      [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Pacific Graduate School of Psychology."},{"key":"bibr106-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/07-232.1"},{"key":"bibr107-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4"},{"key":"bibr108-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1986.00520040021012"},{"key":"bibr109-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3204_10"},{"key":"bibr110-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000229"},{"key":"bibr111-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2016.02.017"},{"key":"bibr112-14747049211040447","volume-title":"Unpublished test manual","author":"Patrick C. J.","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr113-14747049211040447","volume-title":"Manual for the self-report psychopathy scales","author":"Paulhus D. L.","year":"2015","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr114-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-8139-6"},{"key":"bibr115-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00009"},{"key":"bibr116-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1357650X.2018.1481865"},{"key":"bibr117-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20297"},{"key":"bibr118-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.06.027"},{"key":"bibr119-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00727-3"},{"key":"bibr120-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.11.1134"},{"key":"bibr121-14747049211040447","unstructured":"[References marked with an asterisk indicate studies included in the meta-analysis]"},{"key":"bibr122-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/brln.2000.2305"},{"key":"bibr123-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2015.07.001"},{"key":"bibr124-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.04.017"},{"key":"bibr125-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.8.4.448"},{"key":"bibr126-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2017.10.005"},{"key":"bibr127-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/0044-3409.215.2.90"},{"key":"bibr128-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1357650X.2015.1089879"},{"key":"bibr129-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-4-3"},{"key":"bibr130-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.03.002"},{"key":"bibr131-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0959774309000067"},{"key":"bibr132-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830010027005"},{"key":"bibr133-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.EDE.0000039059.38824.B2"},{"key":"bibr134-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024683"},{"key":"bibr135-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.172.4.324"},{"key":"bibr136-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn101"},{"key":"bibr137-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1357650X.2013.783045"},{"key":"bibr138-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.9.1220"},{"key":"bibr139-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.01.007"},{"key":"bibr140-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.47.3.373"},{"key":"bibr141-14747049211040447","first-page":"1","author":"Webb J. R.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sage Open"},{"key":"bibr142-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223890701268074"},{"key":"bibr143-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0080003"},{"key":"bibr144-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0162-3095(85)90041-X"},{"key":"bibr145-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.65.2.292.b"},{"key":"bibr146-14747049211040447","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (1992).\n                      International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10)-Online Version\n                      . http:\/\/apps.who.int\/classifications\/icd10\/browse\/2016\/en#\/F60.2"},{"key":"bibr147-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019611"},{"key":"bibr148-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.01.021"},{"key":"bibr149-14747049211040447","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.110"}],"container-title":["Evolutionary Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14747049211040447","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/14747049211040447","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14747049211040447","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T21:01:55Z","timestamp":1777410115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/14747049211040447"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":149,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/14747049211040447"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14747049211040447","relation":{},"ISSN":["1474-7049","1474-7049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1474-7049","type":"print"},{"value":"1474-7049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"article-number":"14747049211040447"}}