{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:28:22Z","timestamp":1790720902274,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658793600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inflammation is a risk factor for chronic physical illnesses. Evidence is building that inflammation is also a risk factor for mental illnesses making inflammation a common mechanism which could explain the high comorbidity between mental and physical illnesses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on a systematic search, a review on factors associated with inflammation in the depressed chronically ill has been conducted. Relevant articles have been selected according to the methodological considerations (scope, sample size, type of analysis and bias).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five categories of factors mediate the association between chronic physical and mental illnesses: (1) social\u2013demographic factors, (2) social\u2013economic background, (3) adverse health behaviours, (4) psychological stress and (5) genetics. Psychological therapies and medication also moderate this association. A theoretical model of the interplay between inflammation, depression and chronic physical illness is then presented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inflammation contribute to both chronic physical and mental illnesses. These conclusions support future advances in clinical and research practice, as well as training and education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/14782715221115776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T02:27:36Z","timestamp":1658888856000},"page":"247-252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Investigating inflammation in depression in the chronically ill: Theoretical model and perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Christophe","family":"Clesse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"},{"name":"Center for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Magdi","family":"Yaqoob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Jayakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"},{"name":"Center for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamaldeep","family":"Bhui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, London, UK"},{"name":"5East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"},{"name":"Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livia A","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-14782715221115776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719001454"},{"key":"bibr2-14782715221115776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.118"},{"key":"bibr3-14782715221115776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2015.21"},{"key":"bibr4-14782715221115776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2015.5"},{"key":"bibr5-14782715221115776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-015-3919-9"},{"key":"bibr6-14782715221115776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13016"},{"key":"bibr7-14782715221115776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0395-3"},{"key":"bibr8-14782715221115776","volume":"13","author":"Prins Bram P","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"bibr9-14782715221115776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0486-1"},{"key":"bibr10-14782715221115776","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.x"},{"key":"bibr11-14782715221115776","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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