{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T14:08:43Z","timestamp":1777558123083,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]],"date-time":"2009-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Insulin resistance is a central feature of the PCOS and may increase cardiovascular risk. Owing to insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome is more prevalent in women with PCOS compared with unaffected women. Metformin improves the metabolic profile in PCOS in short-term studies. In this study, we evaluated the long-term effect of metformin on metabolic parameters in women with PCOS during routine care without a controlled diet.We performed a retrospective medical chart review of 70 women with PCOS receiving metformin from an academic endocrine clinic. Metabolic risk factors were compared before and after metformin treatment. Time trends of these metabolic parameters were also analysed. After a mean follow-up of 36.1 months with metformin treatment, improvements were observed for BMI (\u20141.09 \u00b1 3.48 kg\/m2, p = 0.0117), diastolic blood pressure (\u20142.69 \u00b1 10.35 mmHg, p = 0.0378), and HDL cholesterol (+5.82 \u00b1 11.02 mg\/dL, p &lt;0.0001).The prevalence of metabolic syndrome decreased from 34.3% at baseline to 21.4% (p = 0.0495). The course of BMI reduction during metformin treatment was significantly more pronounced in women with PCOS with metabolic syndrome at baseline, compared with those without the metabolic syndrome (p = 0.0369 for interaction). In conclusion, metformin improved the metabolic profile of women with PCOS over 36.1 months, particularly in HDL cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure and BMI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164109336050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,3]],"date-time":"2009-07-03T09:32:53Z","timestamp":1246613573000},"page":"110-119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Long-term effect of metformin on metabolic parameters in the polycystic ovary syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Kai I.","family":"Cheang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica M.","family":"Huszar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Al M.","family":"Best","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susmeeta","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulina A.","family":"Essah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Nestler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","first-page":"2434","volume":"85","author":"Asuncion, M.","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"atypb2","first-page":"3078","volume":"83","author":"Knochenhauer, ES","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"atypb3","first-page":"165","volume":"84","author":"Legro, RS","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1016294"},{"key":"atypb5","first-page":"4075","volume":"82","author":"Nestler, JE","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199608293350902"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2430"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80057-6"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.1.141"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.10.2796"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.4.1263"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.41.6.715"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.4.683"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009572"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(03)00104-5"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1045"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1329"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.3.356"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7421.951"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012512"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-8-200504190-00009"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc05-2146"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2005.01531.x"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2004.08.007"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00966.x"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0618"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021688"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0133"},{"key":"atypb30","first-page":"80","volume":"21","author":"Tang, T.","year":"2006","journal-title":"A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind multicentre study. 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