{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T14:00:49Z","timestamp":1777557649302,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reaven originally described the clustering of insulin resistance\/hyperinsulinaemia, obesity (particularly visceral), altered cytokine levels, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridaemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Subsequently, a potentially highly atherogenic small, dense low-density lipoprotein was also reported. We have studied the effect of bariatric surgery on this and other risk factors for atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty patients (20 with type 2 diabetes mellitus) undergoing bariatric surgery were studied before and 1\u2009year after bariatric surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twelve\u2009months after bariatric surgery, median body mass index had decreased from 49.5 to 36.5\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , fasting insulin from 21.3 to 7.8\u2009mU\/L and insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance) from 5.9 to 1.8 (all p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Thirteen out of 20 patients had remission from type 2 diabetes mellitus. Highly sensitive C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, fasting triglycerides ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and small, dense low-density lipoprotein ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) decreased, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) significantly, irrespective of having type 2 diabetes mellitus and\/or being treated with statin therapy before surgery.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The association between marked weight loss and change in insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia with the change in small, dense low-density lipoprotein and interleukin-6 warrants further investigation. Bariatric surgery provides a model for investigating the mechanisms linking insulin resistance\/hyperinsulinaemia to atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164119826479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T01:01:08Z","timestamp":1556067668000},"page":"144-152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Bariatric surgery as a model to explore the basis and consequences of the Reaven hypothesis: Small, dense low-density lipoprotein and interleukin-6"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8004-1897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Safwaan","family":"Adam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Trials Unit, Manchester 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