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Impaired thiamine availability causes renal damage in diabetic patients. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms in SLC19A3 locus encoding for thiamine transporter 2 are associated with absent\/minimal diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy despite long-term type 1 diabetes. We investigated the involvement of thiamine transporter 1 and thiamine transporter 2, and their transcription factor specificity protein 1, in high glucose-induced damage and altered thiamine availability in cells of the inner blood\u2013retinal barrier. Human endothelial cells, pericytes and M\u00fcller cells were exposed to hyperglycaemic-like conditions and\/or thiamine deficiency\/over-supplementation in single\/co-cultures. Expression and localization of thiamine transporter 1, thiamine transporter 2 and transcription factor specificity protein 1 were evaluated together with intracellular thiamine concentration, transketolase activity and permeability to thiamine. The effects of thiamine depletion on cell function (viability, apoptosis and migration) were also addressed. Thiamine transporter 2 and transcription factor specificity protein 1 expression were modulated by hyperglycaemic-like conditions. Transketolase activity, intracellular thiamine and permeability to thiamine were decreased in cells cultured in thiamine deficiency, and in pericytes in hyperglycaemic-like conditions. Thiamine depletion reduced cell viability and proliferation, while thiamine over-supplementation compensated for thiamine transporter 2 reduction by restoring thiamine uptake and transketolase activity. High glucose and reduced thiamine determine impairment in thiamine transport inside retinal cells and through the inner blood\u2013retinal barrier. Thiamine transporter 2 modulation in our cell models suggests its major role in thiamine transport in retinal cells and its involvement in high glucose-induced damage and impaired thiamine availability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164119878427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]],"date-time":"2019-11-15T01:42:08Z","timestamp":1573782128000},"page":"147916411987842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Thiamine transporter 2 is involved in high glucose-induced damage and altered thiamine availability in cell models of diabetic retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7868-0988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Beltramo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, 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