{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T15:39:01Z","timestamp":1784648341685,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Circufiber, Inc"},{"name":"NIH","award":["T32DK007058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DK007058"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Use of far infrared (FIR) energy may improve peripheral circulation. This study aimed to determine whether FIR delivered through textiles improves peripheral microcirculation as measured by transcutaneous oximetry (TcPO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A single-center, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, crossover study of 32 subjects with either type 1 or type 2 DM. An active FIR wrap followed by a placebo wrap (or vice versa) was applied to the arm, calf, ankle, and forefoot for 60\u00a0min each with continuous TcPO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      measurements. The treatment effect of the active versus placebo wrap was estimated using a linear mixed effect model adjusted for period, sequence, baseline value, and anatomic site.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The active FIR wrap increased mean TcPO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      at the arm (2.6 \u00b1 0.8\u00a0mmHg, p = .002), calf (1.5 \u00b1 0.7\u00a0mmHg, p = .03), and ankle (1.7 \u00b1 0.8\u00a0mmHg, p = .04) and composite of all sites (1.4 \u00b1 0.5\u00a0mmHg, p = .002) after 60\u00a0min. The estimated treatment effect was significant for the active FIR wrap at the calf (1.5 \u00b1 0.7\u00a0mmHg, p = .045) and in composite of all sites (1.2 \u00b1 0.5\u00a0mmHg, p = .013).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Short-term exposure to FIR textiles improves peripheral tissue oxygenation in patients with diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/14791641231170282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T01:56:56Z","timestamp":1681869416000},"page":"147916412311702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Improved extremity tissue oxygenation with short-term exposure to textiles embedded with far infrared light emitting thermoactive particles in patients with diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9697-5248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Athonvarangkul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaicheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhong","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvio E","family":"Inzucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9336-3828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Mayerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 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