{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T19:55:17Z","timestamp":1782849317144,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This observational study assesses trends in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) disease burden across the 19 countries of the European Union (EU) 15+ between 1990 and 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Global Burden of Disease Study database was used to gather T1DM age-standardised incidence (ASIR), prevalence (ASPR), mortality (ASMR), and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rates per 100,000 for each EU15+ country (1990 \u2013 2019). Joinpoint regression analysis was used to describe the trends.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 1990 to 2019, T1DM ASIRs and ASPRs increased globally except for females in Finland (\u22122.9% and \u22129.4%), the largest increase in ASPR for males and females was observed in France (+144.4% and +137.5% respectively). All had reductions in ASMRs for males and females, with the largest observed in Spain (\u221256.7% and \u221279.0% respectively). Trends in DALYs were variable across countries, with increases in DALYs noted in 14\/19 for males, and 9\/19 for females. Denmark, Finland, Norway, Netherlands, and Sweden had a reduction in DALYs for both males and females.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mortality from T1DM is reducing across EU15+ countries, despite concomitant increases in incidence and prevalence rates. Trends in DALYs are variable across countries, reflecting differential trends in the disease burden across countries with similarly high health expenditure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/14791641231221763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T18:57:16Z","timestamp":1703185036000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Type 1 diabetes mellitus disease burden in high health expenditure countries between 1990 and 2019"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1862-5653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Edwards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead, 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