{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T08:26:05Z","timestamp":1787214365120,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes &amp; Vascular Disease Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ophthalmic Doppler ultrasonography is a non-invasive technique for evaluating hemodynamic changes in diabetic patients. This meta-analysis assessed ophthalmic Doppler indices in diabetic patients with and without retinopathy compared to non-diabetic controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink for studies investigating Doppler ultrasound parameters in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Pooled mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were estimated using random-effects models for peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), resistive index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI). Study quality was assessed using QUADAS-2 and QUADAS-C.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fourteen studies (1,217 patients) were included. People with diabetes without retinopathy showed significantly elevated RI (MD 0.08, P=0.004) and PI (MD 0.30, P&lt;0.0001) in the ophthalmic artery versus controls. The central retinal artery showed marked reductions in PSV and EDV (P&lt;0.00001) and increased RI (P=0.001) in established DR. RI was also elevated in the posterior ciliary artery across all diabetic stages. Diagnostic accuracy analyses yielded pooled RI sensitivity of 0.73\u20131.00 and PI sensitivity of 0.79\u20131.00.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ophthalmic artery Doppler indices, particularly RI and PI, were associated with DR severity that may represent possible additional markers of microvascular dysfunction. However, these findings require confirmation in well-designed prospective studies before RI and PI can be considered established early markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/14791641261476327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T10:42:55Z","timestamp":1787049775000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vascular dynamics in diabetic retinopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of ophthalmic Doppler indices in diabetic and non-diabetic populations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9377-0255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muchtar","family":"Hanafi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitas Sebelas Maret"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonang Dwi","family":"Ardyanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitas Sebelas Maret"},{"name":"Universitas Sebelas Maret"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Widiastuti","family":"Soewondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitas Sebelas Maret"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eti Poncorini","family":"Pamungkasari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitas Sebelas Maret"},{"name":"Universitas Sebelas Maret"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Muthmainah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitas Sebelas Maret"},{"name":"Universitas Sebelas Maret"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wachid","family":"Putranto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitas Sebelas Maret"},{"name":"Universitas Sebelas Maret"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senyum","family":"Indrakila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitas Sebelas Maret"},{"name":"Universitas Sebelas Maret"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.12"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life12050629"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of Doppler Parameters of Ophthalmic Artery and Central Retinal Artery in Type 2 Diabetics using Colour Doppler Imaging","volume":"14","author":"Datta D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Datta D, Dakshit DB. 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International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences 2016; 5: 287\u2013291.","journal-title":"International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1398_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"Early Changes of Blood Flow Parameters of Ophthalmic Artery in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"5","author":"Ozates S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ozates S, Derinkuyu BE, Elgin U, et al. Early Changes of Blood Flow Parameters of Ophthalmic Artery in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. 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