{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T15:50:47Z","timestamp":1783698647174,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001003","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001203","name":"GlaxoSmithKline Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000948","name":"Pfizer Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000948","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005205","name":"AstraZeneca Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005205","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["457385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["457385"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007542","name":"Air Liquide","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chron Respir Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breathlessness is a common symptom related to a significant health burden. However, the association of breathlessness with clinical characteristics, especially objective pulmonary test results is scarce. We aimed to identify the characteristics independently associated with breathlessness in Australian adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The analysis used data from BOLD Australia, a cross-sectional study that included randomly selected adults aged \u226540\u00a0years from six sites in Australia. Clinical characteristics and spirometry results were compared for breathlessness (modified Medical Research Council [mMRC] grade \u22652).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among all respondents ( n = 3321), 252 participants (7.6%) reported breathlessness. The main univariate associations were obesity, chronic respiratory diseases, heart diseases and being Indigenous Australians (odds ratios [ORs] = 2.78, 5.20, 3.77 and 4.38, respectively). Participants with breathlessness had lower pre-and post-bronchodilator lung function than those without. Impaired spirometry results including FVC or FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      below 80% predicted, or FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/FVC &lt; LLN were independently associated with breathlessness (adjusted ORs = 2.66, 2.94 and 2.34, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breathlessness is common among Australian adults and is independently associated with obesity, chronic respiratory diseases, heart diseases, being Indigenous Australians, and impaired spirometry. Multi-disciplinary assessment and comprehensive investigation is needed in clinical practice to address the many factors associated with breathlessness in the population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/14799731231221820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T10:14:53Z","timestamp":1703153693000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Risk factors and clinical characteristics of breathlessness in Australian adults: Data from the BOLD Australia study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2352-0407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yijun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria R","family":"Ampon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Centre for Airways Disease Monitoring, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J","family":"Abramson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan L","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graeme P","family":"Maguire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Wood-Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1575-6850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David P","family":"Johns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy B","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"South Western Sydney Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen K","family":"Reddel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Centre for Airways Disease Monitoring, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett G","family":"Toelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-14799731231221820","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14070"},{"key":"bibr2-14799731231221820","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14313"},{"key":"bibr3-14799731231221820","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00036813"},{"key":"bibr4-14799731231221820","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu001"},{"key":"bibr5-14799731231221820","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41533-016-0006-6"},{"key":"bibr6-14799731231221820","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.93.3.580"},{"key":"bibr7-14799731231221820","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00165409"},{"key":"bibr8-14799731231221820","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja11.11640"},{"key":"bibr9-14799731231221820","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12482"},{"key":"bibr10-14799731231221820","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/COPD-57610"},{"key":"bibr11-14799731231221820","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqx086"},{"key":"bibr12-14799731231221820","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805"},{"key":"bibr13-14799731231221820","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). 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