{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:20:07Z","timestamp":1790371207580,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chron Respir Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID-19 demonstrated the possibility of neurological complications such as loss of sense of smell and taste, together with respiratory problems. Respiratory training and rehabilitation of neurological sequelae are essential to improve respiratory function and thus quality of life, and the aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a pulmonary and neurological rehabilitation program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To apply a treatment to reduce dyspnea, increase exertional capacity, increase vital capacity and respiratory muscle strength, together with an increase in olfactory and gustatory sensitivity in post-SARS-CoV-2 patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A randomised controlled experimental study was conducted in 220 patients with a medical diagnosis of COVID-19 and more than 5\u00a0months of evolution, dyspnoea or perceived fatigue, including olfactory and gustatory perception problems, of whom 200 patients completed the study. 100 patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group, consisting of an inspiratory training treatment plan (Powerbreathe Plus\u00ae) combined with aerobic exercise and olfactory gustatory treatment for 31\u00a0days, and 100 patients to the control group, for 31\u00a0days without any type of therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was conducted in post-Covid-19 patients for 5\u00a0months. Two hundred patients were divided into an intervention group ( n = 100) and a control group ( n = 100). The comparison between the groups showed significant differences in spirometric variables; forced vital capacity ( p &lt; .001; Eta2 (0.439); Mean: 0,6135), the ratio between both FEV1\/FVC ( p &lt; 0.01; Eta2 (0.728); Mean:9,313), peak inspiratory pressure ( p &lt; 0.01; Eta2 (0.906); Mean:4,526); changes were observed in dyspnoea measured with the modified Borg scale ( p &lt; 0.01; Eta2 (0.811); Mean:1,481) and the modified Medical Research Council scale ( p &lt; 0.01; Eta2 (0.881); Mean: 0.777); finally, changes were found in neurological variables, in the questions of the Singapore Smell and Taste Questionnaire, How was your sense of smell after treatment? ( p &lt; 0.01; Eta2 (0.813); Mean: 1,721) and How is your sense of taste after treatment? ( p &lt; 0.01; Eta2 (0.898); Mean: 1,088).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The implementation of a respiratory rehabilitation treatment plan with the Powerbreathe Plus\u00ae device, aerobic exercise and neurorehabilitation with olfactory and gustatory training, is a therapeutic option against respiratory and neurological sequelae in patients who have suffered such sequelae due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05195099. First posted 18\/01\/2022; Last Update Posted 29\/06\/2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/14799731241255967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T05:55:34Z","timestamp":1715838934000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effects of a respiratory and neurological rehabilitation treatment plan in post Covid-19 affected university students. Randomized clinical study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4129-2084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zacar\u00edas","family":"S\u00e1nchez Mil\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NEUMUSK Group Research, Department of Physiotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de \u00c1vila, \u00c1vila, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Rodr\u00edguez Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry Universidad Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Mart\u00edn Nieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Juan de Dios Foundation, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Health Sciences Department, San Juan de Dios School of Nursing and Physical Therapy, Comillas Pontifical University, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Jim\u00e9nez Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NEUMUSK Group Research, Department of Physiotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de \u00c1vila, \u00c1vila, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Ramos Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NEUMUSK Group Research, Department of Physiotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de \u00c1vila, \u00c1vila, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e9lica","family":"Camp\u00f3n Chekroun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NEUMUSK Group Research, Department of Physiotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de \u00c1vila, \u00c1vila, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Frutos Llanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NEUMUSK Group Research, Department of Physiotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de \u00c1vila, \u00c1vila, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Barrag\u00e1n Casas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NEUMUSK Group Research, Department of Physiotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de \u00c1vila, \u00c1vila, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2608-2019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Vel\u00e1zquez Saornil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NEUMUSK Group Research, Department of Physiotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de \u00c1vila, \u00c1vila, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.07.014"},{"key":"bibr2-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101762","volume":"55","author":"O\u2019Mahoney LL","year":"2023","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"bibr3-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-005427"},{"issue":"9","key":"bibr4-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-021-03734-7","volume":"50","author":"Ramani SL","year":"2021","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"bibr5-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27399"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr6-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.7326\/L20-0895","volume":"173","author":"Zhang H","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"bibr7-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2021.04.001"},{"key":"bibr8-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27309"},{"key":"bibr9-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001505"},{"key":"bibr10-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.837420"},{"key":"bibr11-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03101-2021"},{"key":"bibr12-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858"},{"key":"bibr13-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858"},{"key":"bibr14-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2022.2107085"},{"key":"bibr15-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2022.101691"},{"key":"bibr16-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1121554"},{"key":"bibr17-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18063051"},{"key":"bibr18-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003331."},{"key":"bibr19-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003331."},{"key":"bibr20-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025339"},{"key":"bibr21-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202012_24211"},{"key":"bibr22-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20101","volume":"119","author":"Hummel T","year":"2009","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"bibr23-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/24797"},{"issue":"8","key":"bibr24-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1590ST","volume":"200","author":"Graham BL","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"bibr25-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00424810"},{"key":"bibr26-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2018.05.002"},{"key":"bibr27-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11247388"},{"key":"bibr28-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-023-02204-5"},{"key":"bibr29-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-069503"},{"key":"bibr30-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.18483"},{"key":"bibr31-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2021-217382"},{"key":"bibr32-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666231167354"},{"key":"bibr33-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/annalsats.201712-961oc"},{"key":"bibr34-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102145"},{"key":"bibr35-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0004-9514(05)70002-7"},{"key":"bibr36-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin22.221"},{"key":"bibr37-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032117"},{"key":"bibr38-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.83044"},{"key":"bibr39-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17423953221089309"},{"key":"bibr40-14799731241255967","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095185"}],"container-title":["Chronic Respiratory Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14799731241255967","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/14799731241255967","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14799731241255967","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:48:02Z","timestamp":1777394882000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/14799731241255967"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/14799731241255967"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14799731241255967","relation":{},"ISSN":["1479-9731","1479-9731"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-9731","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-9731","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"article-number":"14799731241255967"}}