{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T14:00:47Z","timestamp":1777557647019,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pohjois-Pohjanmaan sairaanhoitopiiri","award":["K71769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K71769"]}]},{"name":"Silmasaatio","award":["00082022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00082022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Technology &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common and potentially sight-threatening complication of diabetes. Early detection of DR through screening can prevent visual loss. Handheld fundus cameras combined with artificial intelligence (AI) technology may improve DR screening. We evaluated the Aireen AI algorithm\u2019s performance in grading DR in fundus images captured by the handheld Optomed Aurora. Two retina specialists and Aireen graded 624 fundus images for DR. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were measured against the ophthalmologists\u2019 grading. Overall, 97% of images were sufficient for DR classification. Aireen demonstrated 94.8% sensitivity, 91.4% specificity, and 92.7% diagnostic accuracy for DR. Aireen showed high diagnostic accuracy in detecting DR in Optomed Aurora images, suggesting its potential for effective screening. The validated use of AI with a handheld fundus camera may streamline the screening process, reduce the burden on health care professionals, and improve access to screening and patient outcomes through enhanced diagnostic accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15209156251369886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T04:33:39Z","timestamp":1758342819000},"page":"1023-1025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Real-World Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence-Based Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Using the Optomed Aurora Handheld Fundus Camera"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Petri","family":"Huhtinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Optomed, Oulu, Finland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna-Maria","family":"Kubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu and Department of Ophthalmology, Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center, Oulu, Finland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamila","family":"Dvo\u0159\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aireen a.s., Prague, Czech Republic."},{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Sliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aireen a.s., Prague, Czech Republic."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Bayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aireen a.s., Prague, Czech Republic."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5454-5602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Hautala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu and Department of Ophthalmology, Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center, Oulu, Finland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12278"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100900"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14850"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0107-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2024.2352018"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"893","article-title":"Update on current care guideline: Diabetic retinopathy","volume":"131","author":"Summanen P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Summanen P, , Kallioniemi V, , Komulainen J, et al.; P\u00e4ivitystiivistelm\u00e4. 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Duodecim, 2015; 131(9):893\u2013894.","journal-title":"Duodecim"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00475-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","unstructured":"Diabetic Medicine: A Journal of the British Diabetic Association. 1998. 592 p."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968241292369"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Technology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15209156251369886","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15209156251369886","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15209156251369886","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:19:11Z","timestamp":1777400351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15209156251369886"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15209156251369886"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15209156251369886","relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-9156","1557-8593"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-9156","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8593","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]}}}