{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T08:25:00Z","timestamp":1793521500033,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008966","name":"Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Francophone du Diab\u00e8te","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008966","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Technology &amp; Therapeutics"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Automated insulin delivery (AID) systems improve glycemic control in people with type 1 diabetes (PwT1D), but evidence on effectiveness and safety in routine clinical practice over 2 years remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Observatoire de la Boucle Ferm\u00e9e en France is a nationwide prospective observational study evaluating AID use in children and adults with type 1 diabetes in real-world conditions. The primary end point was time in range (TIR, 70\u2013180 mg\/dL). The primary analysis assessed the noninferiority of TIR at 24 months (M24) compared with 12 months (M12). Secondary analyses evaluated the superiority of glycemic outcomes at M24 versus baseline (M0), including HbA1c, continuous glucose monitoring metrics, and safety outcomes. A sensitivity analysis using a linear mixed-effects model examined the change in TIR between M0 and M24 according to baseline HbA1c (&lt;8% vs. \u22658%), adjusted for age, sex, and diabetes duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 2741 PwT1D who initiated AID therapy, 2225 (81.1%) had available data at M24. Median TIR at M24 was noninferior to M12 (70.0% [62.0\u201377.0] at both time points). Compared with baseline, TIR increased by 12.0% at M24 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001), and HbA1c decreased from 7.6% to 7.1% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001). AID discontinuation at M24 occurred in 2.1% of participants. The proportions of participants experiencing at least one episode of severe hypoglycemia over the preceding 12 months were lower at M24 than at baseline. A significant interaction between time of AID use and baseline HbA1c category was observed (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). At M24, TIR remained higher in participants with baseline HbA1c &lt;8% compared with those with baseline HbA1c \u22658% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a large nationwide real-world cohort, AID use was associated with noninferior TIR between 12 and 24 months, significant improvements in glycemic outcomes compared with baseline, low rates of treatment discontinuation, and favorable safety outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15209156261465478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T08:56:15Z","timestamp":1783673775000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sustained Follow-up of Automated Insulin Delivery in a Real-World Setting: Results at 2 Years of the French Nationwide Observatory OB2F"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4497-5710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Baptiste","family":"Julla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Lariboisiere Hospital, Assistance Publique\u2014Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France."},{"name":"Unite INSERM U1138 Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes, ImMeDiab Team, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Universit\u00e9 de Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chlo\u00e9","family":"Amouyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetology, Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00e9tri\u00e8re Hospital, Assistance Publique\u2014H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Paris, France."},{"name":"NutriOmique Team, INSERM, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Lablanche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Grenoble Alpes, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agn\u00e8s","family":"Sola Gazagnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetology, Assistance Publique\u2014H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Cochin Hospital Diabetology and Clinical Immunology Service, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8731-7355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Joubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Care Unit, UNICAEN, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samy","family":"Hadjadj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut du Thorax, CHU Nantes, Nantes Universit\u00e9, INSERM, CNRS, Nantes, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Candace","family":"Ben Signor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise","family":"Bismuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Assistance Publique\u2014H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Robert Debr\u00e9 University Hospital, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannis","family":"Chartier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Medicine Department, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Garrec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grand H\u00f4pital de l\u2019Est Francilien, Marne-la-Vall\u00e9e, Jossigny, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00eblle","family":"Dupont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Saint-\u00c9tienne, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Carreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Diabetology Department, CHI Poissy Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Poissy, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Val\u00e9ro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Department of Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, University Hospital La Conception, Marseille, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ga\u00ebtan","family":"Pr\u00e9vost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases and Inserm CIC-CRB 1404, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosine","family":"Guintrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Department, N\u00eemes University Hospital, N\u00eemes, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florent","family":"Verdier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition Department, Agen-N\u00e9rac Hospital Center, Agen, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Legagneur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Children\u2019s Hospital, CHRU Nancy Brabois, Nancy, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Beltrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Gynecology, Assistance Publique\u2014H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France."},{"name":"Unite INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris City University, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-C\u00e9cile","family":"Paepegaey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, M\u00e9dip\u00f4le H\u00f4pital Mutualiste, Villeurbanne, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Radu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetology and Nutrition Department, H\u00f4pital Europ\u00e9en Georges Pompidou, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Gautier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Lariboisiere Hospital, Assistance Publique\u2014Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France."},{"name":"Unite INSERM U1138 Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes, ImMeDiab Team, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Universit\u00e9 de Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, 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