{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:49:49Z","timestamp":1791434989945,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Technology &amp; Therapeutics"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Basal insulin dose titration has historically relied on fasting self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) and hypoglycemic events. This retrospective analysis of the QWINT-2 and QWINT-3 Phase 3 trials aimed to evaluate the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived indicators for weekly insulin efsitora alfa (efsitora) titration in insulin-naive and basal insulin-experienced adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) through dose-to-dose comparisons with self-monitoring fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and CGM-derived hypoglycemic events, and by assessing concordance between CGM fasting indicators and FPG independent of insulin dose adjustment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CGM and self-monitoring FPG data from QWINT-2 (insulin-naive,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 466) and QWINT-3 (basal insulin-experienced,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 655) efsitora-treated participants were analyzed. CGM fasting indicators were compared with FPG through weekly dose-to-dose titration decisions following the SMBG-based Phase 3 trial dose titration algorithm, and by assessing concordance between CGM fasting indicator and FPG values. CGM hypoglycemia indicators were assessed weekly for agreement with CGM-derived hypoglycemic events below 70 mg\/dL and 54 mg\/dL following the SMBG-based Phase 3 trial hypoglycemia criteria. User burden was considered, with low burden meaning a CGM indicator was readily available in an ambulatory glucose profile (AGP) report.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CGM hypoglycemia indicators demonstrated 91.5%\u201398.3% agreement with CGM-derived hypoglycemic events in QWINT-2 and QWINT-3. CGM fasting indicators \u201cLowest median of AGP,\u201d and \u201cTypical fasting 25% from AGP\u201d demonstrated clinical equivalency with FPG, with dose differences within 20 weekly units for 90.7%\u201393.4% of dose decisions for both studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In insulin-naive and basal insulin-experienced populations treated with weekly efsitora, CGM indicators of hypoglycemia and fasting glucose yielded clinically equivalent dose titration decisions as CGM-derived hypoglycemic events and self-monitoring FPG, respectively. These findings support translation of established titration practices to a CGM-based workflow in insulin-naive and basal insulin-experienced adults with T2D, consistent with recommendations for CGM use in adults with diabetes on insulin therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15209156261485755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T09:35:55Z","timestamp":1789637755000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Indicators to Guide Dose Titration of Weekly Basal Insulin Efsitora Alfa in Insulin-Naive and Basal Insulin-Experienced Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Bergenstal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Diabetes Center, HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1235-6990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael B.","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mary &amp; Dick Allen Diabetes Center at Hoag, Newport Beach, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grazia","family":"Aleppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9858-2138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas W.","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Diabetes Center, HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA."},{"name":"Park Nicollet Internal Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eden M.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Obesity Care, Bend, Oregon, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6750-8043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David L.","family":"Duke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Case","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liza L.","family":"Ilag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennal","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5333-6892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eyal","family":"Dassau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2502796"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403953"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01044-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01069-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70585"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-83548-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc26-S007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-1520"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.7444"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2025.103266"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2025.0051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"12.Martens T Duke D Case M et al. Use of CGM Indicators to Guide Dose Titration of Weekly Basal Insulin in T2D [abstract]. In: Diabetes Technol Ther. 19th International Conference on Advanced Technologies and Treatments for Diabetes (ATTD); 2026; Barcelona Spain. p. 66S; doi: 10.1177\/15209156251412178","DOI":"10.1177\/15209156251412178"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","unstructured":"13.Martens TW Duke DL Case MG et al. Use of CGM Indicators to Guide Dose Titration of Weekly Basal Insulin in T2D. Poster session presented at: 19th International Conference on Advanced Technologies and Treatments for Diabetes (ATTD); 2026 March 11-14; Barcelona Spain."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc26-S009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00319-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2026.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/ds18-0005"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Technology &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15209156261485755","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15209156261485755","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15209156261485755","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:07:13Z","timestamp":1791432433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15209156261485755"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15209156261485755"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15209156261485755","relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-9156","1557-8593"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-9156","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8593","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"article-number":"15209156261485755"}}