{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:34:52Z","timestamp":1792787692971,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","award":["5K12DK122550-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5K12DK122550-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00adh9b73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","award":["7K23DK138267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7K23DK138267"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00adh9b73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Technology &amp; Therapeutics"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed the safety, clinical accuracy, glycemic outcomes, user outcomes, and implementation of a pediatric hospital-wide continuous glucose monitor (CGM) policy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research Design and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used the Model for Improvement to develop a pediatric hospital policy supporting CGM-based insulin dosing with accuracy validation using capillary finger-stick blood glucose (FSBG) and then retrospectively evaluated the program\u2019s clinical effectiveness and implementation outcomes with the Simplified Implementation Logic Model to connect contextual determinants, support strategies, and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From September 2024 to October 2025, 60 people with diabetes used the CGM policy in 93 hospital encounters, including 46.7% (28\/60) people with type 1 diabetes and 38.7% (36\/93) encounters with automated insulin delivery use. The most used CGMs were Dexcom G7 (49.5%) and Abbott Libre 3 or 3 Plus (31.2%). Accuracy validation using the %20\/20 criteria was successful in 81.5% of attempts, and the mean absolute relative difference was 12.6%, with 1207 paired CGM and reference FSBG values. Nurses responded appropriately after 97.8% (218\/223) of failed CGM validation attempts. CGM time in range (70\u2013180 mg\/dL) was 54.8%, and time in level 2 hypoglycemia (&lt;54 mg\/dL) was 0.8% for the 58 out of 93 encounters with complete CGM data downloads. Nurses preferred using CGM with policy support instead of FSBG for insulin dosing (adjusted\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.046). Factors contributing to nursing preference included ease of use, system integration, and the ability to learn the system quickly.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We translated an inpatient CGM policy from an adult to pediatric hospital setting, supporting high levels of protocol adherence, clinical accuracy, safety, and improved experiences for clinicians. Program evaluation informs connections between contextual determinants, support strategies, and outcomes of implementing a hospital CGM program. These data offer a roadmap for implementing pediatric hospital CGM at other centers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15209156261489912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T04:52:01Z","timestamp":1791867121000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pediatric Inpatient Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Development and Implementation of a Hospital Policy for Accuracy-Validated Insulin Dosing"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8681-9073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming Yeh","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hector I.","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Chow-Parmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Belanger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Professional Excellence and Inquiry, Stanford Medicine Children\u2019s Health, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheridan","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Information Solutions, Stanford Medicine Children\u2019s Health, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Ritter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Whitney","family":"Chadwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Information Solutions, Stanford Medicine Children\u2019s Health, Stanford, California, USA."},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kailee","family":"Kingston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristal","family":"Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"McGovern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Maahs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 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