{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:34:56Z","timestamp":1792787696208,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Innovative Medicines Initiative 2","award":["No 115797 (INNODIA) and No 945268 (INNODIA HARVEST"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No 115797 (INNODIA) and No 945268 (INNODIA HARVEST"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019af4n30","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International","award":["3-SRA-2024-1600-S-B and 3-SRA-2023-1422-S-B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3-SRA-2024-1600-S-B and 3-SRA-2023-1422-S-B"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Technology &amp; Therapeutics"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can characterize subtle glucose changes in early-stage type 1 diabetes (T1D). We assessed whether CGM metrics predict Stage 3 T1D in first-degree relatives (FDRs) with positive islet autoantibodies (IAbs) and dysglycemia participating in INNODIA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed IAb-positive FDRs with dysglycemia and available CGM data. CGM metrics were analyzed longitudinally and in a restricted analysis limited to the last assessment before Stage 3 T1D in progressors. CGM metrics were compared using linear mixed models. Predictive performance of single and combined CGM metric models was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data from 27 participants (14 females [52%], median [interquartile range] age: 16.8 [11.9\u201339.8] years) were analyzed. Nine participants progressed to Stage 3 T1D after a median of 163 [129\u2013244] days from CGM assessment. In the restricted analysis, progressors had higher mean glucose (132 vs. 111 mg\/dL,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001), time &gt;140 mg\/dL (36% vs. 10%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003), and time &gt;180 mg\/dL between 9 PM and 2 AM (8.1% vs. 1.0%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005), whereas time &lt;70 mg\/dL between 4 and 7 AM was lower (0% vs. 1.2%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001). Time &gt;140 mg\/dL yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66\u20131.00). Combining time &gt;140 mg\/dL with time-specific percentages &gt;180 and &lt;70 mg\/dL increased AUC to 0.93 (95% CI 0.84\u20131.00). A model incorporating time between 70 and 140 mg\/dL, mean glucose, early morning &lt;70 mg\/dL, and MAGE achieved 100% sensitivity and 86% specificity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CGM may help identify FDRs with IAbs and dysglycemia at higher risk of progressing to Stage 3 T1D. Combining CGM metrics improved prediction compared with time &gt;140 mg\/dL alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15209156261492040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:41:09Z","timestamp":1790667669000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploratory Analysis of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Patterns in First-Degree Relatives with Dysglycemia at Risk of Progression to Stage 3 Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Olivier","family":"Poll\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division Clinical &amp; Experimental Endocrinology, Leuven Diabetes Lab, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium."},{"name":"Pediatric Diabetology and Endocrinology Unit, CHU Namur, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadej","family":"Battelino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children\u2019s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter-Jan","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lut","family":"Overbergh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Mathieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division Clinical &amp; Experimental Endocrinology, Leuven Diabetes Lab, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium."},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4415-316X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Loredana","family":"Marcovecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the INNODIA consortium C Mathieu KU Leuven, Belgium, P Gillard KU Leuven, Belgium, K Casteels KU Leuven, Belgium, L Overbergh KU Leuven, Belgium, D Dunger Paediatrics laboratory staff University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, C Wallace Paediatrics laboratory staff University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, M Evans Paediatrics laboratory staff University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, A Thankamony Paediatrics laboratory staff University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, E Hendriks Paediatrics laborator","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc26-S007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1419"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc26-S002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2359"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-026-06707-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-1297"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2965"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-025-06362-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-024-06205-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-0602"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae691"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-024-06124-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2023.0287"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2024.0154"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-0226"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","article-title":"emmeans: Estimated marginal means, aka least-squares means","volume":"1","author":"Lenth R","year":"2019","unstructured":"16.Lenth R, , Singmann H, , Love J, et al. emmeans: Estimated marginal means, aka least-squares means. 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