{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T23:12:27Z","timestamp":1793401947775,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7-9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["31871169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31871169"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of the Province of Hunan","award":["2021JJ30601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ30601"]}]},{"name":"Key Program of Education Department of Hunan Province","award":["21A0274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21A0274"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ckg3w11","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32471179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32471179"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants &amp; Redox Signaling"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Neuroinflammation contributes to the onset and progression of a variety of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including ischemic stroke, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, multiple sclerosis, intracerebral hemorrhage, and neurodevelopmental disorders related diseases. Microglia are essential for the neurodevelopment of a healthy brain and the integrity of the blood\u2013brain barrier. Activation of microglia is the brain\u2019s defense mechanism against damaged tissues and harmful pathogens. However, their activation can trigger neuroinflammation, which can exacerbate or induce damage to the CNS. Cytokines are small proteins that can act in either an autocrine or paracrine manner. Cytokines are highly expressed in microglia and are potential mediators of neuroinflammation. We review the recent research progress on the role of cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1\u03b2), tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 , IL-6, IL-4, and transforming growth factor-\u03b2 in regulating neuroinflammation in various CNS diseases. Understanding how these cytokines affect microglia-mediated neuroinflammation will provide important therapeutic insights for preventing and managing CNS dysfunction, with potential clinical relevance for developing targeted anti-inflammatory therapies and biomarker-based diagnostic strategies.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Antioxid. Redox Signal.<\/jats:italic>\n                    44, 311\u2013331.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15230864251401591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T03:56:26Z","timestamp":1766721386000},"page":"311-331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cytokine\u2013Microglia Interactions in Neuroinflammation: Mechanisms, Disease Dynamics, and Therapeutic Strategies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Fumei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China."},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China (Hunan Provincial Veterans 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China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China."},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunhua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 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