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The current literature review adopted Slade and Wissow\u2019s model to examine (1) the link between childhood maltreatment and academic achievement, (2) the link between childhood maltreatment and mental health outcomes (i.e., emotional and behavioral difficulties), and (3) the bidirectional relationship between childhood academic achievement and mental health. In addition, we reviewed variables that might influence or help explain the link between childhood maltreatment and educational outcomes, drawing on developmental perspectives and Bronfenbrenner\u2019s ecological model. Finally, whenever possible, we presented findings specific to maltreated children in out-of-home care to highlight the unique challenges experienced by this population. Results indicated that children with maltreatment histories often experience impairments in both their academic performance (e.g., special education, grade retention, lower grades) and mental well-being (e.g., anxiety, low mood, aggression, social skills deficits, poor interpersonal relationships). These impairments appeared to be particularly pronounced among maltreated children in out-of-home care. Findings, albeit sparse, also indicated that mental health difficulties are negatively associated with children\u2019s academic achievement and, similarly, that academic achievement deficits are linked with mental health problems. The link between childhood maltreatment and educational outcomes may be partly explained through the disruption of key developmental processes in children, such as attachment, emotion regulation, and sense of agency. As well, maltreatment characteristics and the functioning of various systems in which children are embedded (e.g., family, school, child welfare) can serve to positively or negatively influence the educational outcomes of maltreated children. The theoretical, research, and applied implications stemming from the findings are considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838014537908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]],"date-time":"2014-06-12T02:21:30Z","timestamp":1402539690000},"page":"418-437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":304,"title":["Childhood Maltreatment and Educational Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Elisa","family":"Romano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyzon","family":"Babchishin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn","family":"Marquis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Fr\u00e9chette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1524838014537908","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.12.010"},{"key":"bibr2-1524838014537908","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2012.01.032"},{"key":"bibr3-1524838014537908","volume-title":"Treating traumatic stress in children and adolescents","author":"Blaustein M. 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