{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:00:14Z","timestamp":1787313614185,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]],"date-time":"2016-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trauma, Violence, &amp; Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Forms of cognitive and behavioral therapies (CBTs), including prolonged exposure and cognitive processing therapy, have been empirically validated as efficacious treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the assumption that PTSD develops from dysregulated fear circuitry possesses limitations that detract from the potential efficacy of CBT approaches. An analysis of these limitations may provide insight into improvements to the CBT approach to PTSD, beginning with an examination of negative affect as an essential component to the conceptualization of PTSD and a barrier to the implementation of CBT for PTSD. As such, the literature regarding the impact of negative affect on aspects of cognition (i.e., attention, processing, memory, and emotion regulation) necessary for the successful application of CBT was systematically reviewed. Several literature databases were explored (e.g., PsychINFO and PubMed), resulting in 25 articles that met criteria for inclusion. Results of the review indicated that high negative affect generally disrupts cognitive processes, resulting in a narrowed focus on stimuli of a negative valence, increased rumination of negative autobiographical memories, inflexible preservation of initial information, difficulty considering counterfactuals, reliance on emotional reasoning, and misinterpretation of neutral or ambiguous events as negative, among others. With the aim to improve treatment efficacy of CBT for PTSD, suggestions to incorporate negative affect into research and clinical contexts are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838016650188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]],"date-time":"2016-06-15T08:37:49Z","timestamp":1465979869000},"page":"176-194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["A Critical Review of Negative Affect and the Application of CBT for PTSD"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Wilson J.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Treatment and Study of Traumatic Stress, Summa Health System, Akron, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Dewey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA"},{"name":"Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian E.","family":"Bunnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA"},{"name":"Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison K.","family":"Wilkerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Treatment and Study of Traumatic Stress, Summa Health System, Akron, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven E.","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Trauma Recovery, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2014.07.003"},{"key":"bibr2-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr3-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/08989290260138618"},{"key":"bibr4-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsm029"},{"key":"bibr5-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2015.01.016"},{"key":"bibr6-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(04)80036-4"},{"key":"bibr7-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsl042"},{"key":"bibr8-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-18-j0001.2001"},{"key":"bibr9-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(03)00189-0"},{"key":"bibr10-1524838016650188","volume-title":"Beck depression inventory II","author":"Beck A. T.","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr11-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004"},{"key":"bibr12-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.032409.113"},{"key":"bibr13-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930903132496"},{"key":"bibr14-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2011.30.4.378"},{"key":"bibr15-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(90)90004-N"},{"key":"bibr16-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(94)90063-9"},{"key":"bibr18-1524838016650188","first-page":"76","volume-title":"Variation in working memory","author":"Braver T. S.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr19-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029536"},{"key":"bibr20-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024436"},{"key":"bibr21-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260514555866"},{"key":"bibr22-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01483-2"},{"key":"bibr23-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-859X-7-24"},{"key":"bibr24-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.100.3.316"},{"key":"bibr25-1524838016650188","first-page":"32","volume":"14","author":"Cloitre M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"CNS Spectrums"},{"key":"bibr26-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.70.5.1067"},{"key":"bibr27-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(05)80060-7"},{"key":"bibr28-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2007.08.005"},{"key":"bibr29-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559598003001002"},{"key":"bibr30-1524838016650188","volume-title":"Treating trauma and traumatic grief in children and adolescents","author":"Cohen J. A.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr31-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(00)00226-X"},{"key":"bibr32-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(00)00037-1"},{"key":"bibr33-1524838016650188","volume-title":"Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual","author":"Costa P. T.","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr35-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.08.023"},{"key":"bibr36-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20560"},{"key":"bibr37-1524838016650188","first-page":"255","volume-title":"The amygdala: Neurobiological aspects of emotion, memory and mental dysfunction","author":"Davis M.","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr38-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000812"},{"key":"bibr39-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.03.017"},{"key":"bibr40-1524838016650188","volume-title":"Delis-Kaplan executive function system","author":"Delis D. C.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr41-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-014-3881-5"},{"key":"bibr42-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.05.073"},{"key":"bibr43-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2006.11.002"},{"key":"bibr44-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3323"},{"key":"bibr45-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2009.10.010"},{"key":"bibr46-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2010.486941"},{"key":"bibr47-1524838016650188","first-page":"163","volume-title":"The handbook of affect and social cognition","author":"Fiedler K.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr48-1524838016650188","unstructured":"Foa E. B., Keane T. M., Friedman M. J. (2009). Effective treatments for PTSD: Practice guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (1\u2013388). New York, NY: Guilford."},{"key":"bibr49-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.99.1.20"},{"key":"bibr50-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.59.5.715"},{"key":"bibr51-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.70.4.1022"},{"key":"bibr52-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2006.05.006"},{"key":"bibr53-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022405"},{"key":"bibr54-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797609359622"},{"key":"bibr55-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00485713-20090527-01"},{"key":"bibr56-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714000853"},{"key":"bibr57-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(94)90068-X"},{"key":"bibr58-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-009-9282-6"},{"key":"bibr59-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2006.04.014"},{"key":"bibr60-1524838016650188","first-page":"7","volume":"7","author":"Goldberg L. R.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Personality Psychology in Europe"},{"key":"bibr61-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.130.3.436"},{"key":"bibr62-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.08.018"},{"key":"bibr63-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(95)00055-B"},{"key":"bibr64-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000062"},{"key":"bibr65-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J070v15n01_05"},{"key":"bibr66-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsu163"},{"key":"bibr67-1524838016650188","volume-title":"The differential emotions scale: A method of measuring the meaning of subjective experience of discrete emotions","author":"Izard C. E.","year":"1974"},{"key":"bibr68-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2010.10.005"},{"key":"bibr69-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2008.02082.x"},{"key":"bibr70-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.07.004"},{"key":"bibr71-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/0898929054021184"},{"key":"bibr72-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopy.12100"},{"key":"bibr73-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000065"},{"key":"bibr76-1524838016650188","first-page":"33","volume":"13","author":"Korner S.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychotherapy in Private Practice"},{"key":"bibr77-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.10.019"},{"key":"bibr78-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.698"},{"key":"bibr79-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1825"},{"key":"bibr80-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2005.07.007"},{"key":"bibr168-1524838016650188","author":"Lang P. J.","year":"1999","journal-title":"International affective picture system (IAPS): Technical manual and affective ratings"},{"key":"bibr81-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024867"},{"key":"bibr82-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01817-6"},{"key":"bibr83-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00246-7"},{"key":"bibr84-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0889-8391.25.2.142"},{"key":"bibr85-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022947"},{"key":"bibr86-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X11000446"},{"key":"bibr87-1524838016650188","volume-title":"Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder","author":"Linehan M. M.","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr88-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780195399066.013.0013"},{"key":"bibr89-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2014.904467"},{"key":"bibr90-1524838016650188","volume-title":"The Karolinska directed emotional faces","author":"Lundqvist D.","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr91-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930903417897"},{"key":"bibr92-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.10040636"},{"key":"bibr93-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20798"},{"key":"bibr94-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2006.00461.x"},{"key":"bibr96-1524838016650188","volume-title":"Manual, the remote associates test, Form I","author":"Mednick S. A.","year":"1967"},{"key":"bibr97-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2011.05.007"},{"key":"bibr98-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2012.01.012"},{"key":"bibr99-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.06.026"},{"key":"bibr100-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01138"},{"key":"bibr101-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699938708408058"},{"key":"bibr102-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.49.1.377"},{"key":"bibr103-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.74.5.898"},{"issue":"43","key":"bibr104-1524838016650188","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"Najavits L. M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"F1000prime Reports"},{"key":"bibr106-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167294204007"},{"key":"bibr107-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2005.09.008"},{"key":"bibr108-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2007.08.002"},{"key":"bibr109-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2010.08.011"},{"key":"bibr110-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089892902760807212"},{"key":"bibr111-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027227"},{"key":"bibr112-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.04.016"},{"key":"bibr113-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3296"},{"key":"bibr114-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.08.042"},{"key":"bibr116-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02855.x"},{"key":"bibr117-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2011.08.003"},{"key":"bibr118-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.04.007"},{"key":"bibr119-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016063"},{"key":"bibr120-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021806"},{"key":"bibr121-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2011.03.016"},{"key":"bibr122-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.18.3.849"},{"key":"bibr123-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.70.4.867"},{"key":"bibr124-1524838016650188","volume-title":"Cognitive processing therapy for rape victims: A treatment manual","volume":"4","author":"Resick P. A.","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr125-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2005.02.001"},{"key":"bibr126-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.21.4.803"},{"key":"bibr127-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.02.007"},{"key":"bibr128-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030697"},{"key":"bibr129-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20069"},{"key":"bibr130-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12181"},{"key":"bibr131-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.57.3.493"},{"key":"bibr132-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09658210344000648"},{"key":"bibr133-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089892902760191135"},{"key":"bibr134-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/psyc.2008.71.2.134"},{"key":"bibr135-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(07)67013-7"},{"key":"bibr136-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2010.05.025"},{"key":"bibr137-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20442"},{"key":"bibr139-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20408"},{"key":"bibr140-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e31818b4682"},{"key":"bibr141-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000012"},{"key":"bibr142-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2012.741060"},{"key":"bibr143-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037327"},{"key":"bibr145-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327965pli1501_01"},{"key":"bibr146-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e318093ed5f"},{"key":"bibr147-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03192720"},{"key":"bibr148-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2013.11.014"},{"key":"bibr149-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1930297500000176"},{"key":"bibr150-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2010.04.003"},{"key":"bibr152-1524838016650188","first-page":"20","volume":"29","author":"Waddington A.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"key":"bibr153-1524838016650188","unstructured":"Wager T. D., Feldman Barrett L. (2009). From affect to control: Functional specialization of the insula in motivation and regulation. Published online at PsycExtra."},{"key":"bibr154-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.114.4.522"},{"key":"bibr155-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.96.3.465"},{"key":"bibr156-1524838016650188","first-page":"506","volume-title":"Handbook of mental control","author":"Watson D.","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr157-1524838016650188","unstructured":"Watson D., Clark L. A. (1999). The PANAS-X: Manual for the positive and negative affect schedule-expanded form. Retrieved August 1, 2012, from Iowa Research Online: http:\/\/www.psychology.uiowa.edu\/faculty\/clark\/panas-x.pdf"},{"key":"bibr158-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.1063"},{"key":"bibr160-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.12.025"},{"key":"bibr161-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.75.1.154"},{"key":"bibr162-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2010.03.002"},{"key":"bibr163-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.09.003"},{"key":"bibr164-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(200102)57:2<169::AID-JCLP4>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"bibr165-1524838016650188","volume-title":"Facial Expression of Emotion\u2014Stimuli and Test (FEEST)","author":"Young A. W.","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr166-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20072"},{"key":"bibr167-1524838016650188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1986.01800110062008"}],"container-title":["Trauma, Violence, &amp; Abuse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1524838016650188","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1524838016650188","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1524838016650188","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:29:33Z","timestamp":1777703373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1524838016650188"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]]},"references-count":157,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1524838016650188"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1524838016650188","relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-8380","1552-8324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-8380","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8324","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]]}}}