{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:36:54Z","timestamp":1792093014833,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]],"date-time":"2017-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486512000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trauma, Violence, &amp; Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The literature consistently demonstrates evidence that child sexual abuse survivors are at greater risk of victimization later in life than the general population. This phenomenon is called sexual revictimization. Although this finding is robust, there is a large amount of variability in the prevalence rates of revictimization demonstrated in the literature. The purpose of the present meta-analysis was to calculate an average prevalence rate of revictimization across the literature and to examine moderators that may potentially account for the observed variability. Based on a review of PsycINFO and PILOTS, 1,412 articles were identified and reviewed for inclusion. This process resulted in the inclusion of 80 studies, which contained 12,252 survivors of child sexual abuse. The mean prevalence of sexual revictimization across studies was 47.9% (95% confidence intervals [43.6%, 52.3%]), suggesting that almost half of child sexual abuse survivors are sexually victimized in the future. The present study failed to find support for any of the examined moderators. Potential explanations of and implications for the results are offered, including suggestions for therapists.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838017692364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,9]],"date-time":"2017-02-09T01:13:45Z","timestamp":1486602825000},"page":"67-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":297,"title":["The Prevalence of Sexual Revictimization: A Meta-Analytic Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Hannah E.","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science, University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Freud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science, University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn A.","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science, University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn M.","family":"Fraine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science, University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura C.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science, University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr2-1524838017692364","unstructured":"*Aberle C. 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Understanding revictimization: The impact of emotion suppression, acceptance, and PTSD symptomatology on risk detection abilities in sexual assault survivors. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston."},{"key":"bibr9-1524838017692364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2533446"},{"key":"bibr10-1524838017692364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(91)90038-F"},{"key":"bibr11-1524838017692364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(92)90011-F"},{"key":"bibr12-1524838017692364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470743386"},{"key":"bibr13-1524838017692364","volume-title":"Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 2","author":"Borenstein M.","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr14-1524838017692364","unstructured":"*Brenner L. (1995). The adult patterns of men and women who were sexually abused as children: Is there risk of becoming a victim or perpetrator? 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Alcohol use by survivors of child sexual abuse: One possible explanation for revictimization. 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A. (1999). Revictimization among female survivors of childhood sexual abuse: Risk and protective factors. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN."},{"key":"bibr78-1524838017692364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1995.tb02627.x"},{"key":"bibr80-1524838017692364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801295001001002"},{"key":"bibr81-1524838017692364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260510372935"},{"key":"bibr82-1524838017692364","unstructured":"*Reig M. E. (1998). Child sexual abuse and related symptomatology: Revictimization among inner-city women. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA."},{"key":"bibr83-1524838017692364","unstructured":"*Rich C. L. (2003). Evaluation of a model of sexual revictimization: A prospective study. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ohio University, Athens."},{"key":"bibr84-1524838017692364","unstructured":"*Roodman A. A. (2000). A test of a model of sexual victimization: A latent variable path analysis. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg."},{"key":"bibr85-1524838017692364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(99)00045-8"},{"key":"bibr86-1524838017692364","unstructured":"*Rubien R. (1995). Disclosure of incest: The effect on the lives of adult female survivors. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY."},{"key":"bibr87-1524838017692364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(98)00090-8"},{"key":"bibr88-1524838017692364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/000711007X255327"},{"key":"bibr89-1524838017692364","unstructured":"*Schroeder J. M. (2005). Sexual victimization: An examination of variables predicting psychological measurement. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo."},{"key":"bibr90-1524838017692364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801203255130"},{"key":"bibr91-1524838017692364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.21.1.89"},{"key":"bibr92-1524838017692364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.184.5.416"},{"key":"bibr93-1524838017692364","unstructured":"*Stanley J. L. (2010). The pathway to revictimization: An attachment perspective. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada."},{"key":"bibr94-1524838017692364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J056v04n04_05"},{"key":"bibr95-1524838017692364","unstructured":"*Teustsher J. M. (2014). Victimization history and its effect on women\u2019s use of rape avoidance behaviors. 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Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln."},{"key":"bibr103-1524838017692364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260512455511"},{"key":"bibr104-1524838017692364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801211414165"},{"key":"bibr105-1524838017692364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2012.11.009"},{"key":"bibr106-1524838017692364","unstructured":"*Wasco S. M. (2004). An ecological study of repeated sexual victimization among college women. Unpublished masters thesis, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago."},{"key":"bibr107-1524838017692364","unstructured":"*Weinberg J. C. (2008). Long term effects of child sexual abuse in a clinical sample of women who were molested as children. 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