{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:34:29Z","timestamp":1792737269178,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]],"date-time":"2017-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trauma, Violence, &amp; Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Adolescent girls are at an increased risk of sexual violence, abuse, exploitation, and forced or early marriage across humanitarian contexts. In the past few years, prominent initiatives, organizations, and working groups have started to highlight the targeted needs and issues facing adolescent girls and have developed programmatic responses such as safe spaces for adolescent girls to protect and empower girls and reduce their vulnerabilities to violence or exploitation. A systematic review of academic and grey literature was conducted in September 2015 to examine the evidence base for programming that seeks to reduce violence against adolescent girls in humanitarian contexts. The authors used a Boolean search procedure to find and review 5830 records from academic journal databases, resource-hosting websites and relevant organizational websites. The inclusion criteria left us with three adolescent girl program evaluations from humanitarian settings to examine, all of which were pre\/post-test evaluations that looked at changes in indicators such as social assets, self-esteem, decision making, livelihood skills and financial assets, gender norms, and feelings of safety. While these three evaluations showed promising results, overall, this systematic review demonstrates a significant gap in currently available rigorous research. Evidence is urgently needed to guide programming decisions to ensure that the emerging programs provide the level and depth of protection that adolescent girls need in humanitarian settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838017699601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]],"date-time":"2017-03-21T04:32:00Z","timestamp":1490070720000},"page":"428-434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["State of the Evidence: A Systematic Review of Approaches to Reduce Gender-Based Violence and Support the Empowerment of Adolescent Girls in Humanitarian Settings"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Eva","family":"Noble","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Rescue Committee, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leora","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Rescue Committee, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelby","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Rescue Committee, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Falb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Rescue Committee, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1524838017699601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1596\/1813-9450-5669"},{"key":"bibr2-1524838017699601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.31899\/pgy6.1034","volume-title":"The effects of schooling incentive programs on household resource allocation in Bangladesh","author":"Arends-Kuenning M.","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr3-1524838017699601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bandiera O., Buehren N., Burgess R., Goldstein M., Gulesci S., Rasul I., Sulaiman M. (2012). Empowering adolescent girls: Evidence from a randomized control trial in Uganda. Washington DC: World Bank. http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/427711468175785983\/Empowering-adolescent-girls-evidence-from-a-randomized-control-trial-in-Uganda","DOI":"10.1596\/25529"},{"key":"bibr4-1524838017699601","volume-title":"Mentoring girls through livelihoods: Kyaka II refugee settlement: Midline Report: Women\u2019s Refugee Committee (WRC), Danish Refugee Council (DRC)","author":"Danish Refugee Council &amp; Women\u2019s Refugee Commission","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr5-1524838017699601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61703-7"},{"key":"bibr6-1524838017699601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1363\/3500609"},{"key":"bibr7-1524838017699601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2894-3"},{"key":"bibr8-1524838017699601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60964-8"},{"key":"bibr9-1524838017699601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/152460900750020847"},{"key":"bibr10-1524838017699601","volume-title":"Guidelines for gender-based violence interventions in humanitarian settings: Focusing on prevention of and response to sexual violence in emergencies","author":"Inter-Agency Standing Committee","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr11-1524838017699601","volume-title":"Women, girls, boys and men: Different needs\u2014Equal opportunitis IASC gender handbook","author":"Inter-Agency Standing Committee","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr12-1524838017699601","volume-title":"Pre-post survey analysis\u2014Adolescent girls program","author":"International Rescue Committee","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr13-1524838017699601","volume-title":"Empowerment and protection of refugee adolescent girls in Nyarugusu refugee camp, Tanzania: Midline evaluation report: International Rescue Committee, Women\u2019s Refugee Commission","author":"International Rescue Committee","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr14-1524838017699601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4465.2012.00327.x"},{"key":"bibr15-1524838017699601","volume-title":"Fragile states, fragile lives: Child marriage amid disaster and conflict","author":"Lemmon G. T.","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr16-1524838017699601","volume-title":"Sex and age matter: Improving humanitarian response in emergencies","author":"Mazurana D.","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr17-1524838017699601","volume-title":"Addressing gender-based violance through life skills and leadership educaation among adolescent girls in Africa: International Rescue Committee","author":"McCauley H.","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr18-1524838017699601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"bibr19-1524838017699601","volume-title":"The path to hope: Congolese refugee adolescent girls in Nyarugusu refugee camp, Tanzania","author":"Paik K.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr20-1524838017699601","volume-title":"Strong girls, powerful women: Program planning and design for adolescent girls in humanitarian settings","author":"Paik K.","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr21-1524838017699601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022343315595927"},{"key":"bibr22-1524838017699601","volume-title":"I\u2019m here: Adolescent girls in emergencies: Approaches and tools for improved repsonse","author":"Robles O.","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr23-1524838017699601","volume-title":"In search of safety and solutions: Somali refugee adolescent girls at sheder and Aw Barre Camps, Ethiopia","author":"Schulte J.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr24-1524838017699601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062600"},{"key":"bibr25-1524838017699601","volume-title":"To protect her honour: Child marriage in emergencies\u2014The fatal confusion between protecting girls and sexual violence gender and protection in humanitarian contexts: Critical issues series","author":"Spencer D.","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr26-1524838017699601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1505-7-16"},{"key":"bibr27-1524838017699601","volume-title":"Driven by desperation: Transactional sex as a survival strategy in port au prince IDP camps","author":"United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr28-1524838017699601","volume-title":"A study on early marriage in Jordan","author":"UNICEF","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr29-1524838017699601","volume-title":"In double Jeopardy: Adolescent girls and disasters because I am a girl: State of the World\u2019s Girls 2013","author":"van de Gaag N.","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr30-1524838017699601","volume-title":"Partnering for gender equality : World Bank annual gender trust funds program report 2015","author":"World Bank","year":"2015"}],"container-title":["Trauma, Violence, &amp; Abuse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1524838017699601","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1524838017699601","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1524838017699601","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:30:07Z","timestamp":1777703407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1524838017699601"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1524838017699601"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1524838017699601","relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-8380","1552-8324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-8380","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8324","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]]}}}