{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:16:24Z","timestamp":1790039784677,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]],"date-time":"2019-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012462","name":"office of academic affiliations, department of veterans affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012462","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trauma, Violence, &amp; Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sexual trauma, particularly childhood sexual trauma, is a potent risk factor for sexual health difficulties among civilian women. Women veterans report elevated rates of sexual trauma compared to their civilian peers, including sexual trauma during military service, perhaps making women veterans even more vulnerable to sexual health difficulties. A comprehensive review of the peer-reviewed literature on the relationship between sexual trauma and sexual health in women veterans was conducted. Inclusion criteria were measurement of sexual trauma and sexual health (i.e., sexual function or sexual satisfaction), a U.S. veteran sample including women veterans, and written in English. This process identified 18 articles. Results indicated that similar to the pattern observed among civilian women, sexual trauma was associated with an increased risk of sexual dysfunction and low sexual satisfaction among women veterans. Sexual pain was the most common sexual dysfunction among women veterans. Comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder and depression were identified as correlates of sexual dysfunction. Gaps in the literature included limited use of validated measures of sexual health and inconsistencies in the assessment of sexual trauma history. Future research is needed on the interrelationships between sexual trauma, sexual health, and mental health to inform treatment recommendations for improving sexual health among women veterans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838019870912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]],"date-time":"2019-08-22T22:53:30Z","timestamp":1566514410000},"page":"656-671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The Impact of Sexual Trauma on the Sexual Health of Women Veterans: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6619-0503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carey S.","family":"Pulverman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VHA VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, The Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Waco, TX, USA"},{"name":"Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzannah K.","family":"Creech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VHA VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, The Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Waco, TX, USA"},{"name":"Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr2-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/713846808"},{"key":"bibr3-1524838019870912","first-page":"576","volume-title":"Principles and practice of sex threapy","author":"Binik Y. M.","year":"2014","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr4-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.05.052"},{"key":"bibr5-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20643"},{"key":"bibr6-1524838019870912","first-page":"1","volume":"63","author":"Breiding M. J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"bibr7-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22097"},{"key":"bibr8-1524838019870912","unstructured":"Briere J. (2011). Trauma Symptom Inventory-2. Odessa, FL. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.parinc.com\/Products\/Pkey\/464"},{"key":"bibr9-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20155"},{"key":"bibr10-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20137"},{"key":"bibr11-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1077-7229(04)80052-X"},{"key":"bibr12-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.06.005"},{"key":"bibr13-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/trm0000082"},{"key":"bibr14-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000330"},{"key":"bibr15-1524838019870912","volume-title":"VHA directive 2010\u2013033: Military sexual trauma (MST) programming (2010)","author":"Department of Veterans Affairs"},{"key":"bibr16-1524838019870912","unstructured":"Deparment of Veterans Affairs. (2018). VHA directive 2018-1115: Military Sexual Trauma (MST) Program (2018). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs."},{"key":"bibr17-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00926230290001448"},{"key":"bibr18-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2018.1451975"},{"key":"bibr86-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(92)90048-V"},{"key":"bibr19-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01612840.2011.582228"},{"key":"bibr20-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1985.tb02703.x"},{"key":"bibr21-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/152460999319156"},{"key":"bibr22-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19317611.2017.1404541"},{"key":"bibr23-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2010.01871.x"},{"key":"bibr24-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/713846825"},{"key":"bibr25-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2016.02.007"},{"key":"bibr26-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024760900213"},{"key":"bibr27-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heiman J. R. (2002). Psychologic treatments for female sexual dysfunction: Are they effective and do we need them? Archives of Sexual Behavior, 31, 445\u2013450. Retrieved from http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1019848310142","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019848310142"},{"key":"bibr28-1524838019870912","volume-title":"Becoming orgasmic: A sexual growth program for women","author":"Heiman J.","year":"1976"},{"key":"bibr29-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20163"},{"key":"bibr30-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000295"},{"key":"bibr31-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sxmr.2017.11.006"},{"key":"bibr32-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kimerling R., Bastian L. A., Bean-Mayberry B. A., Bucossi M. M., Carney D. V., Goldstein K. M.\u2026Park M. (2016). Patient centered health care for female veterans. Psychiatric Services, 66, 155\u2013162. Retrieved from 10.1176\/appi.ps.201300551.Patient-Centered","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201300551"},{"key":"bibr33-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2006.092999"},{"key":"bibr34-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.171793"},{"key":"bibr35-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.2007.00385.x"},{"key":"bibr36-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laumann E. O., Paik A., Rosen R. C. (1999). Sexual dysfunction in the United States: Prevalence and predictors. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 281, 537\u2013544. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10022110","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.6.537"},{"key":"bibr37-1524838019870912","first-page":"346","volume":"13","author":"Leonard L. M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annual Review of Sex Research"},{"key":"bibr38-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100"},{"key":"bibr39-1524838019870912","first-page":"307","volume":"13","author":"Loeb T.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annual Review of Sex Research"},{"key":"bibr40-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2008.0987"},{"key":"bibr87-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-14-00719"},{"key":"bibr41-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.71.6.987"},{"key":"bibr42-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.3.399"},{"key":"bibr43-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2005.20107.x"},{"key":"bibr44-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ming Foynes M., Makin-Byrd K., Skidmore W. C., King M. W., Bell M. E., Karpenko J. (2018). Developing systems that promote Veterans\u2019 recovery from military sexual trauma: Recommendations from the Veterans Health Administration national program implementation. Military Psychology, 30, 1\u201312. doi:10.1080\/08995605.2017.1421818","DOI":"10.1080\/08995605.2017.1421818"},{"key":"bibr45-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135"},{"key":"bibr46-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.165.1.35"},{"key":"bibr47-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-005-6277-6"},{"key":"bibr48-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19317611.2011.639441"},{"key":"bibr49-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nunnink S. E., Goldwaser G., Afari N., Nievergelt C. M., Baker D. G. (2010). The role of emotional numbing in sexual functioning among veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Military Medicine, 175, 424\u2013428. doi:10.7205\/milmed-d-09-00085","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-09-00085"},{"key":"bibr50-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nusbaum M. R., Gamble G. (2001). The prevalence and importance of sexual concerns among female military beneficiaries. Military Medicine, 166, 208\u2013210. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/11263020","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/166.3.208"},{"key":"bibr51-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e318166397d"},{"key":"bibr52-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12077"},{"key":"bibr53-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.46.3.598"},{"key":"bibr54-1524838019870912","first-page":"49","volume-title":"The role of constructs in psychological and educational measurement","author":"Paulhus D. L.","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr88-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.02.007"},{"key":"bibr55-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2007.11.006"},{"key":"bibr56-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sxmr.2019.03.002"},{"key":"bibr57-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sxmr.2017.12.002"},{"key":"bibr58-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/713847095"},{"key":"bibr59-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2007.00652.x"},{"key":"bibr60-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02356.x"},{"key":"bibr61-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-010-9694-0"},{"key":"bibr89-1524838019870912","first-page":"1","author":"Rizeq J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"bibr62-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/009262300278597"},{"key":"bibr90-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2004.13.799"},{"key":"bibr63-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19317611.2011.640388"},{"key":"bibr64-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2010.2399"},{"key":"bibr65-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2008.1165"},{"key":"bibr66-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.171.8.723"},{"key":"bibr67-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181898cdb"},{"key":"bibr68-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088626000015003005"},{"key":"bibr69-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21923"},{"key":"bibr70-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000138117.58559.7b"},{"key":"bibr71-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19317611.2011.640387"},{"key":"bibr72-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12823"},{"key":"bibr73-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260513520230"},{"key":"bibr74-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19317611.2011.639592"},{"key":"bibr75-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2010.01.005"},{"key":"bibr76-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2008.01103.x"},{"key":"bibr77-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.05.008"},{"key":"bibr78-1524838019870912","unstructured":"Viswanathan M., Berkman N. D., Dryden D. M., Hartling L. (2013). Assessing risk of bias and confounding in observational studies of interventions or exposures: Further development of the RTI item bank. Methods research report. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.rti.org\/publication\/assessing-risk-bias-and-confounding-observational-studies-interventions-or-exposures"},{"key":"bibr91-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(96)00134-2"},{"key":"bibr79-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00926230590475206"},{"key":"bibr92-1524838019870912","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.170.12.1037"},{"key":"bibr80-1524838019870912","volume-title":"International statistical classification of diseases and health related problems","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1979","edition":"9"},{"key":"bibr81-1524838019870912","volume-title":"International statistical classification of diseases and health related problems, clinical modification","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2008","edition":"9"},{"key":"bibr82-1524838019870912","volume-title":"International statistical classification of diseases and health related problems","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010","edition":"10"},{"key":"bibr83-1524838019870912","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2018). Health topics: Sexual health. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.who.int\/topics\/sexual_health\/en\/"},{"key":"bibr84-1524838019870912","first-page":"75","volume":"21","author":"Yano E. M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Women\u2019s Health Issues"}],"container-title":["Trauma, Violence, &amp; Abuse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1524838019870912","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1524838019870912","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1524838019870912","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:31:41Z","timestamp":1777703501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1524838019870912"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1524838019870912"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1524838019870912","relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-8380","1552-8324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-8380","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8324","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]]}}}