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Understanding of factors associated with violence is important for targeted programming and prevention on the population level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched 17 electronic databases from 1989 to 2018 and reports from child violence surveys. Nationally representative studies that described evidence on potential factors associated with violence against children under 18 years old were included. The search was restricted to the English language. Factors were synthesized quantitatively using robust variance estimation, with 95% confidence intervals, for each violence type.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 8,346 unduplicated studies, and 103 publications met our eligibility criteria. The data distribution was uneven across region, country income status, factors, and violence types. Of the 94 eligible studies quantitatively synthesized, no specific factors were significant for physical violence. Lower household socioeconomic status, being a girl, and primary education of mothers and adults in the household were associated with emotional violence, and being a girl was associated with sexual violence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A broad spectrum of factors merit consideration for physical violence policy and prevention among the general population of children in low- and middle-income countries. Conversely, a tailored approach may be warranted for preventing emotional and sexual violence. Information is unequally distributed across countries, factors, and violence types. Greater emphasis should be placed on collecting representative data on the general population and vulnerable subgroups to achieve national reductions in violence against children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838020985532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T04:38:39Z","timestamp":1611031119000},"page":"219-232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Factors Associated With Violence Against Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression of Nationally Representative Data"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0787-9068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilan","family":"Cerna-Turoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8619-0137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuyi","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4056-595X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Meierkord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zezhen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7549-2503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Yanguela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare Ahabwe","family":"Bangirana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AfriChild Centre, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Meinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1524838020985532","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-005-0624-4"},{"key":"bibr2-1524838020985532","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000754"},{"key":"bibr3-1524838020985532","volume-title":"Optimus study South Africa: Technical report","author":"Artz L.","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr4-1524838020985532","volume-title":"Sexual victimization of children and adolescents in Switzerland","author":"Averdijk M.","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr5-1524838020985532","first-page":"365","volume":"8","author":"Basilyous L.","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Public Health Journal"},{"key":"bibr6-1524838020985532","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2007.40"},{"key":"bibr7-1524838020985532","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470743386"},{"key":"bibr8-1524838020985532","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.047423"},{"key":"bibr9-1524838020985532","volume-title":"Violence against children in Haiti: Findings from a national survey, 2012","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Interuniversity Institute for Research and Development, &amp; Comit\u00e9 de Coordination","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr10-1524838020985532","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2015-041820"},{"key":"bibr11-1524838020985532","unstructured":"Cochrane Collaboration. 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