{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T11:19:08Z","timestamp":1793704748136,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610496000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trauma, Violence, &amp; Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sexual violence is a prominent social problem that harms many victims every year. Perpetrators of these crimes tend to exist in a binary. Some are convicted by the criminal justice system, where they face sanctions such as jail time and registration and are demonized by society. Others never face any sanctions for harm caused and are exonerated for their actions. This review examines public perceptions of sexual offenders in the United States through the institutional-level constructs of federal policy, media, and institutional myths. A review of the literature on this topic from 2007 to 2017 produced 37 relevant articles, which were placed into three categories using thematic analysis: (1) perceptions about sexual offenders and perceiver differences, (2) media about sexual offending and effects of media consumption on perceptions of offenders, and (3) support for offender policies and effects of policy on perceptions of offenders. A review of these topics reveals that there are prominent institutional myths about sexual offending. A cyclical relationship is formed, where media perpetuates institutional myths, myths drive policy, and policy leads to media reporting. This review utilizes community psychology theory to examine and interpret the literature as well as to formulate research and intervention suggestions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838020985568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T22:08:09Z","timestamp":1610662089000},"page":"953-968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The Relationship Between Policy, Media, and Perceptions of Sexual Offenders Between 2007 and 2017: A Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5300-5767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith","family":"Zatkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Portland State University, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7098-5245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miranda","family":"Sitney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portland State University, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portland State University, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1524838020985568","unstructured":"Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act, Pub. L. 109\u2013248, 120 Stat. 587, codified as amended 42 U.S.C. \u00a7 16901 et seq. (2006). https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/archive\/olp\/pdf\/adam_walsh_act.pdf"},{"key":"bibr3-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0887403413513897"},{"key":"bibr5-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-012-0426-1"},{"key":"bibr6-1524838020985568","author":"Bennett J","year":"2017","journal-title":"The New York Times"},{"key":"bibr7-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14043858.2017.1387451"},{"key":"bibr8-1524838020985568","volume-title":"National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey: 2010 Summary report","author":"Black M.","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr11-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2311.2008.00519.x"},{"key":"bibr12-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X15622841"},{"key":"bibr13-1524838020985568","first-page":"96","volume":"15","author":"Burchfield K.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society"},{"key":"bibr14-1524838020985568","volume-title":"Preventing child maltreatment: A guide to taking action and generating evidence","author":"Butchart A.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr17-1524838020985568","volume-title":"Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis","author":"Charmaz K.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr18-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10538710903485575"},{"key":"bibr20-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10509670903196066"},{"key":"bibr21-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260508327706"},{"key":"bibr23-1524838020985568","volume-title":"Felony defendants in large urban counties, 2009","author":"Department of Justice","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr24-1524838020985568","volume-title":"Female victims of sexual violence, 1994-2010","author":"Department of Justice","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr26-1524838020985568","volume-title":"National crime victimization survey, 2010-2014","author":"Department of Justice","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr28-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k429"},{"key":"bibr30-1524838020985568","unstructured":"Freeh L. (2012). The Freeh report on Pennsylvania State University. http:\/\/progress.psu.edu\/the-freeh-report"},{"key":"bibr31-1524838020985568","first-page":"4","volume":"13","author":"Galeste M. A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Western Criminology Review"},{"key":"bibr34-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.6.1154"},{"key":"bibr35-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hojo.12095"},{"key":"bibr36-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1068316X.2016.1227816"},{"key":"bibr38-1524838020985568","unstructured":"Harris A. J. R., Hanson R. K. (2004). Sex offender recidivism: A simple question (p. 3). Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada."},{"key":"bibr40-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063214564391"},{"key":"bibr42-1524838020985568","unstructured":"Jacob Wetterling Crimes against Children Registration Act, Pub. L. 103\u2013322, 108 Stat. 2038, codified as amended 42 U.S.C. \u00a7\u00a7 14062, 14071. (1994). https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/BILLS-103hr3355enr\/pdf\/BILLS-103hr3355enr.pdf"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr44-1524838020985568","first-page":"291","volume":"15","author":"Katz-Schiavone S.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture"},{"key":"bibr46-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10538710902901663"},{"key":"bibr49-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15564886.2015.1005266"},{"key":"bibr50-1524838020985568","first-page":"41","volume":"16","author":"Klein J. L.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society"},{"key":"bibr51-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2014.12.007"},{"key":"bibr52-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-2415.2007.00119.x"},{"key":"bibr54-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1068316X.2013.793770"},{"key":"bibr56-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2010.06.013"},{"key":"bibr57-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260514555373"},{"key":"bibr59-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2013.06.006"},{"key":"bibr60-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1350\/ijps.2013.15.3.313"},{"key":"bibr61-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13552600.2014.945976"},{"key":"bibr62-1524838020985568","first-page":"139","volume-title":"Handbook of personality: Theory and research","author":"McCrae R. R.","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr63-1524838020985568","unstructured":"Megan\u2019s Law, Pub. L. 104\u2013145, 110 Stat. 1345, codified as amended 42 U.S.C. \u00a7 13701. (1996). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.govtrack.us\/congress\/bills\/104\/hr2137"},{"key":"bibr64-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2012.692465"},{"key":"bibr65-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12103-012-9189-8"},{"key":"bibr66-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854812455740"},{"key":"bibr68-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.959"},{"key":"bibr69-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2010.04.029"},{"key":"bibr71-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1745-9125.12018"},{"key":"bibr73-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2011.570287"},{"key":"bibr75-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0887403407308292"},{"key":"bibr77-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X08323454"},{"key":"bibr78-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1068316X.2013.793772"},{"key":"bibr80-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/law0000081"},{"key":"bibr82-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13552600.2010.526245"},{"key":"bibr84-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2016.1257528"},{"key":"bibr85-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-010-9314-8"},{"key":"bibr86-1524838020985568","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13218719.2012.658206"}],"container-title":["Trauma, Violence, &amp; Abuse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1524838020985568","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1524838020985568","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1524838020985568","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:33:05Z","timestamp":1777703585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1524838020985568"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1524838020985568"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1524838020985568","relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-8380","1552-8324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-8380","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8324","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]}}}