{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T16:03:15Z","timestamp":1784908995233,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625788800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trauma, Violence, &amp; Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An association between child sexual abuse (CSA) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been documented. However, the temporal relationship between these problems and the roles of trauma-related symptoms or other forms of maltreatment remain unclear. This review aims to synthesize available research on CSA and ADHD, assess the methodological quality of the available research, and recommend future areas of inquiry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies were searched in five databases including Medline and PsycINFO. Following a title and abstract screening, 151 full texts were reviewed and 28 were included. Inclusion criteria were sexual abuse occurred before 18 years old, published quantitative studies documenting at least a bivariate association between CSA and ADHD, and published in the past 5 years for dissertations\/theses, in French or English. The methodological quality of studies was systematically assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most studies identified a significant association between CSA and ADHD; most studies conceptualized CSA as a precursor of ADHD, but only one study had a longitudinal design. The quality of the studies varied greatly with main limitations being the lack of (i) longitudinal designs, (ii) rigorous multimethod\/ multiinformant assessments of CSA and ADHD, and (iii) control for two major confounders: trauma-related symptoms and other forms of child maltreatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Given the lack of longitudinal studies, the directionality of the association remains unclear. The confounding role of other maltreatment forms and trauma-related symptoms also remains mostly unaddressed. Rigorous studies are needed to untangle the association between CSA and ADHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380211030234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T04:42:22Z","timestamp":1625805742000},"page":"369-389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Disentangling the Associations Between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Child Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7671-745X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Langevin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carley","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aim\u00e9e","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de sexologie, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Emma","family":"Gagn\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Kingsland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill Library, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Temcheff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15248380211030234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.131792"},{"key":"bibr2-15248380211030234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr3-15248380211030234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-005-0624-4"},{"key":"bibr4-15248380211030234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000188"},{"key":"bibr5-15248380211030234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.0097"},{"key":"bibr71-15248380211030234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0998-66"},{"key":"bibr6-15248380211030234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64251-2_5"},{"key":"bibr7-15248380211030234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374411003691743"},{"key":"bibr8-15248380211030234","first-page":"215","volume-title":"The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment","author":"Berliner L.","year":"2011","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr9-15248380211030234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104170"},{"key":"bibr10-15248380211030234","volume-title":"The deepest well: Healing the long-term effects of childhood adversity","author":"Burke Harris N.","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr11-15248380211030234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2009.0583"},{"key":"bibr12-15248380211030234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-020-01193-w"},{"key":"bibr13-15248380211030234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.06.001"},{"key":"bibr14-15248380211030234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpsp.12192"},{"key":"bibr72-15248380211030234","volume-title":"ADHD rating scale-IV: Checklists, norms, and clinical interpretation","author":"DuPaul G. 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