{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:43:46Z","timestamp":1777941826838,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633651200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trauma, Violence, &amp; Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Except for the knowledge that the Roma people endure harsh conditions and are victims of discrimination, scarce criminological research has given detailed attention to further victimisation or offending among the Romanies. Identifying articles in the browsers Web of Science, Google Scholar and Google, we reviewed European publications (1997\u20132020) in English, French, Romanian or Spanish that addressed the Roma\u2019s victimisation or offending. The 44 studies that matched our criteria suggested that (1) Roma people are victims of hate crimes with devastating consequences; (2) Roma children and women are victims of domestic violence to a greater degree than other groups, although the Roma tend to oppose violence against women; (3) forced early marriages exist among some Romanies and may cause serious problems in adulthood; (4) youth delinquency among the Roma does not differ from that of the non-Roma, although Roma adolescents face more deprivation; (5) Roma men and women are overrepresented in prison and face many difficulties in re-entering society once they are released and (6) there are organised criminal activities in some Roma groups that are supported by their community. Further rigorous post-positivist research, particularly quantitative, is needed to generalise the findings and replicate former studies. Areas of special interest are the causes of anti-Roma discrimination other than ethnicity, the victimisation of children, the Roma\u2019s lack of institutional trust and the relation between victimisation and offending. Conducting comparisons with the general population is essential, and we propose that victims\u2019 surveys and self-reported delinquency studies include questions on ethnicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380211048448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T03:48:41Z","timestamp":1633837721000},"page":"1016-1031","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Imperative Need for Criminological Research on the European Roma: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8692-9256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorena","family":"Molnar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Criminal Sciences, Universite de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15248380211048448","volume-title":"Comment mesurer la d\u00e9linquance","author":"Aebi M. F.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr2-15248380211048448","first-page":"193","volume-title":"Wrongful convictions and miscarriages of justice: Causes and remedies in North American and European criminal justice systems","author":"Aebi M. F.","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr3-15248380211048448","first-page":"7","volume":"4","author":"Aguilera-Rull A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indret: Revista para El An\u00e1lisis Del Derecho"},{"key":"bibr4-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1477370808090832"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib9152483802112","first-page":"135","volume":"34","author":"Balibar \u00c9.","year":"2011","journal-title":"n\u00b0"},{"key":"bibr5-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519872299"},{"key":"bibr6-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10610-016-9323-0"},{"key":"bibr7-15248380211048448","unstructured":"Council of Europe (2012a). Descriptive glossary of terms relating to Roma issues. https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/1680088eab."},{"key":"bibr8-15248380211048448","unstructured":"Council of Europe (2012b). Estimates on Roma population in European countriesRoma and travellers. https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/roma-and-travellers\/publications."},{"key":"bibr9-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-2427.12775"},{"key":"bibr10-15248380211048448","volume":"16","author":"Dan A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Revista De Asistenta sociala"},{"key":"bibr11-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1477370819838718"},{"key":"bibr12-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/978-1-349-95118-5_11"},{"key":"bibr13-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-2311.00239"},{"key":"bibr14-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226206868.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr15-15248380211048448","volume-title":"Roma health report, health status of the Roma population data collection in the member states of the European Union","author":"European Commission","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr16-15248380211048448","volume-title":"Working together for Roma inclusion: The EU Framework explained","author":"European Commission Directorate-General for Justice","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr17-15248380211048448","volume-title":"Coerced sterilisation of Romani women","author":"European Roma Rights Center","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr18-15248380211048448","volume-title":"European Union minorities and discrimination survey. Roma \u2013 selected findings","author":"European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr19-15248380211048448","volume-title":"Second European Union minorities and discrimination survey. Roma \u2013 selected findings","author":"European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr20-15248380211048448","volume-title":"Second European Union minorities and discrimination survey: Technical report","author":"European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights","year":"2017"},{"key":"bib9152483802113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3917\/lignes.035.0113"},{"key":"bibr21-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2047480615Z.000000000329"},{"key":"bibr22-15248380211048448","volume-title":"Enterrez-moi debout: L\u2019odyss\u00e9e des tziganes","author":"Fonseca I.","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr23-15248380211048448","volume-title":"The gypsies","author":"Fraser A.","year":"1992","edition":"1"},{"key":"bibr24-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20504721.2015.1109334"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr25-15248380211048448","first-page":"205","volume-title":"Redefining community in intercultural context, rcic\u201915","volume":"4","author":"Gavra D. R.","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr26-15248380211048448","first-page":"11","volume":"1","author":"Georgoulas S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Academic Research"},{"key":"bibr27-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181e07d51"},{"key":"bibr28-15248380211048448","volume-title":"The Roma in the twenty-first century: A policy paper","author":"Gheorghe N.","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr29-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.46381\/reic.v10i0.69","volume":"10","author":"Gim\u00e9nez-Salinas A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Revista Espa\u00f1ola de Investigaci\u00f3n Criminol\u00f3gica"},{"key":"bibr31-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781503621794"},{"key":"bibr32-15248380211048448","volume-title":"Hate: \u201cAs regular as rain\u201d a pilot research project into the psychological effects of hate crime on gypsy, traveller and Roma (GTR) communities [Report]","author":"Greenfields M.","year":"2020"},{"issue":"13","key":"bibr33-15248380211048448","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez-S\u00e1nchez J. D.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Revista Electr\u00f3nica de Investigaci\u00f3n y Docencia (REID)"},{"key":"bibr34-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008269114252"},{"key":"bibr35-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/840853"},{"key":"bibr36-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7202\/012399ar"},{"key":"bibr37-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203578988-20"},{"key":"bibr38-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362480620911914"},{"key":"bibr39-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2011.09.003"},{"key":"bibr40-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socnet.2018.08.006"},{"key":"bibr41-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260514556103"},{"key":"bibr42-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17196992"},{"key":"bibr43-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/9780822387800"},{"key":"bibr44-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25115\/riem.v7i4.1966"},{"issue":"15","key":"bibr45-15248380211048448","first-page":"149","volume":"2","author":"Mart\u00edn Palomo M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Revista de estudios de g\u00e9nero: La ventana"},{"key":"bibr46-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2015.201"},{"key":"bibr47-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-77650-7_7"},{"key":"bibr75-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7202\/1076700ar"},{"key":"bibr49-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260516645571"},{"key":"bibr50-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1695-4033(04)78214-4"},{"key":"bibr51-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0213-9111(04)71848-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr52-15248380211048448","first-page":"344","volume":"47","author":"Petek D","year":"2006","journal-title":"Croatian Medical Journal"},{"key":"bibr53-15248380211048448","volume-title":"Postpositivism and educational research","author":"Phillips D. C.","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr54-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011392115594213"},{"key":"bibr55-15248380211048448","volume-title":"Romaniche?","author":"Roma S."},{"key":"bibr56-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3917\/tsig.030.0026"},{"key":"bibr57-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-21002007000200001"},{"key":"bibr58-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2008.01112.x"},{"key":"bibr59-15248380211048448","volume-title":"Reprezentarile criminalitatii organizate la nivelul comunitatilor rurale iesene. Studiu de caz: Localitatile grajduri si lunca cetatuii","author":"Stan C.","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr60-15248380211048448","volume-title":"Rapport sur la mendicit\u00e9 \u00ab rrom \u00bb avec ou sans enfant(s)","author":"Tabin J.-P.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr61-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260509336960"},{"key":"bibr62-15248380211048448","volume-title":"Convention on the rights of the child","author":"United Nations Treaty Collection","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr63-15248380211048448","volume-title":"Counting what counts; tools for the validation and utilization of EU statistics on human trafficking: Final report of the trafStat project","author":"Van Dijk J.","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr64-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2015.12.004"},{"key":"bibr65-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33182\/jgs.v2i1.614"},{"key":"bibr66-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0261018317748318"},{"key":"bibr67-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10611-019-09881-2"},{"key":"bibr68-15248380211048448","volume-title":"Gitanos y discriminaci\u00f3n: Un estudio transnacional","author":"Villareal F.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr69-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260518807910"},{"key":"bibr70-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1350506818785202"},{"key":"bibr71-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269758015592108"},{"key":"bibr72-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260518754872"},{"key":"bibr73-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269758019885676"},{"key":"bibr74-15248380211048448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2153368720930405"}],"container-title":["Trauma, Violence, &amp; Abuse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15248380211048448","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15248380211048448","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15248380211048448","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:34:00Z","timestamp":1777703640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15248380211048448"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15248380211048448"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15248380211048448","relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-8380","1552-8324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-8380","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8324","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]]}}}