{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T04:00:33Z","timestamp":1792900833808,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639526400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE190101104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE190101104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trauma, Violence, &amp; Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Maltreated and child welfare-involved youth are over-represented in juvenile justice systems. These youth are at a greater risk of serious offending and justice system entrenchment relative to their non-maltreated peers. Understanding gender differences in the pathways to justice involvement and the nature of offending among maltreated children is critical for informing policy and practice. Yet, this body of evidence is fragmented. This scoping review identified and narratively synthesized evidence from studies reporting on gender differences in the individual characteristics, maltreatment experiences, child protection involvement and offending profiles of maltreated youth who offend. A comprehensive search of four databases generated 11,568 publications, from which 180 met the review\u2019s inclusion criteria. These primary studies included participants aged 8\u201321 years with a history of childhood maltreatment and youth offending and reported at least one gendered analysis. Some consistent findings were reported across studies. A greater level of child welfare involvement and maltreatment exposure (particularly sexual abuse and multi-type maltreatment) was found for justice involved girls, relative to boys. Maltreated and child welfare-involved boys appear more likely to offend than girls, but findings about how gender moderates the maltreatment-offending relationship were inconsistent. Child welfare systems involvement (particularly foster care and residential care) appeared to be an important moderator for girls, and school performance mediated outcomes for boys. Across this body of evidence, few studies accounted for under-reporting of abuse and neglect when using youth self-report measures of maltreatment. Future research is needed which explicitly explores how gender moderates the maltreatment-offending relationship.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380211052106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T07:43:33Z","timestamp":1639554213000},"page":"1140-1156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Gender Differences in the Maltreatment-Youth Offending Relationship: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4394-1313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Baidawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7978-3751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Papalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, Swinburne University of Technology and the Victorian Institute of Forensic Mental Health (Forensicare), Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0096-5913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Featherston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15248380211052106","volume-title":"Vulnerable young people: Interactions across homelessness, youth justice and child protection","author":"AIHW","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr2-15248380211052106","volume-title":"Youth justice in Australia 2018-19","author":"AIHW","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr3-15248380211052106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2018.06.002"},{"key":"bibr4-15248380211052106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616"},{"key":"bibr5-15248380211052106","volume-title":"Children and young people at risk of social exclusion: Links between homelessness, child protection and juvenile justice","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW)","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr6-15248380211052106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1541204014566286"},{"key":"bibr7-15248380211052106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-015-0407-9"},{"key":"bibr8-15248380211052106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-016-0573-4"},{"key":"bibr9-15248380211052106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-020-01234-w"},{"key":"bibr10-15248380211052106","volume-title":"Cross-over kids: Effective responses to children and young people in the youth justice and statutory child protection systems","author":"Baidawi S.","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr11-15248380211052106","first-page":"1","volume":"582","author":"Baidawi S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends & Issues in Crime & Criminal Justice"},{"key":"bibr12-15248380211052106","volume-title":"\u201cCrossover\u201d children in the youth justice and child protection systems","author":"Baidawi S.","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr13-15248380211052106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.0097"},{"key":"bibr110-15248380211052106","volume-title":"Adverse Childhood Experiences among Delinquent Youth and Substance Use Disorders in Emerging Adulthood (PhD)","author":"Bassett E. 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