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This systematic review aimed to examine the effectiveness of psychological interventions at improving the mental well-being of parents who have experienced traumatic childbirth in terms of anxiety, depression, fear of childbirth, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Seven electronic databases were searched from their respective inception dates up to January 2021. Only quantitative studies that reported the effects of psychological interventions on anxiety, depression, fear of childbirth, and\/or PTSD symptoms in selective (at risk of traumatic childbirth experience) or indicated (self-defined childbirth experience as traumatic for any reason) populations of parents (mothers and\/or fathers) were included. Eight studies were included and meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effect model. All studies were conducted on mothers only, and one study had minimal father involvement. Results showed that psychological interventions were more effective in reducing fear of childbirth and improving PTSD symptoms compared to anxiety and depression. Greater improvement in depression was reported at 3\u20138 weeks\u2019 follow-up than at immediate post-intervention. Subgroup analyses showed that technology-based interventions were feasible, and indicated interventions were more effective than selective interventions. Conducting future interventions in more geographical regions, engaging and including fathers more actively, incorporating both personalized professional therapy and informal peer support, striving for flexibility and convenience, as well as addressing topics on self-doubt and coping skills can improve current interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380211060808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T04:43:29Z","timestamp":1639370609000},"page":"1238-1253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Effectiveness of Psychological Interventions to Improve the Mental Well-Being of Parents Who Have Experienced Traumatic Childbirth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5583-2814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shefaly","family":"Shorey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2848-2550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo","family":"Downe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Community Health and Midwifery, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joelle Yan Xin","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5197-0467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia O.","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maaike","family":"Fobelets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Public Health Sciences, Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (BISI) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department Health Care, Knowledge Centre Brussels Integrated Care, Erasmus University College Brussels, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan Gabrielle","family":"Lalor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","first-page":"1122","article-title":"The effect of debriefing and brief cognitive-behavioral therapy on postpartum depression in traumatic childbirth: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"Abdollahpour S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abdollahpour S., Keramat A., Mousavi S. 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