{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T05:56:38Z","timestamp":1792562198474,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Oficina Balear de la Inf\u00e0ncia i l'Adolesc\u00e8ncia, Government of the Balearic Islands"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trauma, Violence, &amp; Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this review is to provide a systematic and critical summary of findings regarding empirical studies conducted on commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) in Europe. The purpose is to gain an understanding of the characteristics and main topics addressed in European research on CSEC, identify gaps, and give suggestions for future studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The review was guided by the \u201cPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis\u2014Protocols\u201d. A comprehensive search on several databases was conducted to identify published and unpublished empirical research on CSEC in Europe, revealing 3,846 documents. In total, 56 research papers that focused specifically on CSEC in European samples were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Synthesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Research concerning European studies of CSEC and trafficking for purposes of sexual exploitation has developed significantly over the last 20 years but is still rather limited and mainly focused on the UK and Sweden. Most of the studies reviewed suffer from important methodological flaws such as an inaccurate definition of the phenomenon analyzed, small and convenience samples, and nonvalidated and nonspecific instruments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings from this study demonstrate the need for greater exploration and research around a number of areas of sexual exploitation of children in Europe. Further work is necessary in terms of capacity building, training, and awareness-raising for society as a whole and, specifically, professionals providing direct support to children and young people at risk of exploitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838021999378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T04:26:10Z","timestamp":1615350370000},"page":"1529-1548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents in Europe: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8888-620X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Benavente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Education Faculty, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0494-2260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego A.","family":"D\u00edaz-Faes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Child and Adolescent Victimization (GReVIA), University of Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Llu\u00eds","family":"Ballester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Education Faculty, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5329-9323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noem\u00ed","family":"Pereda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Child and Adolescent Victimization (GReVIA), University of Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1524838021999378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104289"},{"key":"bibr2-1524838021999378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000001020"},{"key":"bibr3-1524838021999378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-019-01571-3"},{"key":"bibr4-1524838021999378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23322705.2014.986619"},{"key":"bibr5-1524838021999378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2017.07.009"},{"key":"bibr6-1524838021999378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13676261.2013.825708"},{"key":"bibr7-1524838021999378","volume-title":"Understanding and responding to child sexual exploitation","author":"Beckett H.","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr8-1524838021999378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118896877.wbiehs544"},{"key":"bibr9-1524838021999378","unstructured":"*Berelowitz S., Firimin C., Edwards G., Gulyurtlu S. (2012). \u201cI thought I was the only one. The only one in the world\u201d: The Office of the children\u2019s commissioner\u2019s inquiry into child sexual exploitation in gangs and groups. Office of the Children\u2019s Commissioner. https:\/\/www.childrenscommissioner.gov.uk\/report\/i-thought-i-was-the-only-one-in-the-world\/"},{"key":"bibr10-1524838021999378","unstructured":"*Berelowitz S., Firimin C., Gulyurtlu S., Edwards G. (2013). \u201cIf only someone had listened\u201d: Office of the children\u2019s commissioner\u2019s inquiry into child sexual exploitation in gangs and groups: Final report. 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(2009). Young people and sexual exploitation: An exploration of young people\u2019s workers\u2019 experiences of providing support in Merseyside. John Moore\u2019s University Centre for Public Health. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/255738944_Young_People_and_Sexual_Exploitation_An_Exploration_of_Young_People\u2019s_Workers\u2019_Experiences_of_Providing_Support_in_Merseyside"},{"key":"bibr102-1524838021999378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-006-9083-x"},{"key":"bibr103-1524838021999378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23761407.2018.1468844"},{"key":"bibr104-1524838021999378","unstructured":"*van den Borne A., Kloosterboer K. (2005). Investigating exploitation: Research into trafficking in children in the Netherlands. 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