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In this study, we assess the magnitude of this association through a meta-analytic approach. Four English databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, and Web of Science), three Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Weipu), and grey literature were systematically searched. A total of 254 independent studies, including 550 effect sizes, met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. Child maltreatment was significantly and negatively associated with self-esteem ([Formula: see text]\u2009=\u2009\u22120.24, p\u2009&lt;\u2009.001); emotional abuse and neglect were associated with decreased self-esteem ([Formula: see text]\u2009=\u2009\u22120.23, p\u2009&lt;\u2009.01; [Formula: see text]\u2009=\u2009\u22120.22, p\u2009&lt;\u2009.01, respectively) at a moderate level; and physical abuse, sexual abuse, and physical neglect were negatively associated with self-esteem ([Formula: see text]\u2009=\u2009\u22120.14, p\u2009&lt;\u2009.01; [Formula: see text]\u2009=\u2009\u22120.14, p\u2009&lt;\u2009.01; [Formula: see text]\u2009=\u2009\u22120.17, p\u2009&lt;\u2009.001, respectively) at a small level. Furthermore, the meta-regression results suggested that the aggregated associations between child maltreatment and self-esteem were not inflated by publication bias, but they were moderated by age and culture. General and subtypes of child maltreatment are associated with decreased self-esteem. Evidence-based and culturally sensitive child maltreatment prevention and intervention programs should be developed and implemented as early as possible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380221129587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T00:47:32Z","timestamp":1667782052000},"page":"3398-3411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["A Meta-Analytic Review of the Impact of Child Maltreatment on Self-Esteem: 1981 to 2021"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5628-926X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiqin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1066-9659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yali","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15248380221129587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457941000009X"},{"key":"bibr2-15248380221129587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00541-0"},{"key":"bibr3-15248380221129587","volume-title":"The effect of sexual abuse on self-esteem among adolescents: The impact of gender, parental support and type of perpetrator","author":"Birgisd\u00f3ttir \u00cd. 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