{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:46:29Z","timestamp":1792039589467,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trauma, Violence, &amp; Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pressing public health issue affecting women worldwide. Thirty percent of women experience some form of violence throughout their lifetime globally, and South Asian countries have a higher prevalence of IPV (33%\u201351%). Notably, IPV has detrimental psychological impacts not only on women but also on their children. Despite this, limited empirical attention has explored protective factors for IPV trauma recovery. This review examines protective factors aiding South Asian immigrant IPV survivors\u2019 trauma recovery using Joanna Briggs Institute JBI methodology. The study draws on PubMed, Scopus, and PsychINFO data, resulting in 20 articles retrieved using Rayyan software. Protective factor\u2019s themes and subthemes revealed in the literature operated at multiple levels, including personal, interpersonal, community, and professional factors. Personal factors were selfhood, collective self, and adaptation, as well as those that enabled the utilization of interpersonal, community, and professional factors; interpersonal factors were family and friends, children as motivators, and religion; and community and professional factors were resources and technology usage. Immigrant status and culture significantly impacted the protective factors, acting as barriers among some IPV survivors. Therefore, future research should focus on exploring the experiences and cultural values of South Asian immigrant women with other influencing factors that may hinder the development and impact of protective factors on IPV trauma recovery. These findings can help design culturally sensitive support services that incorporate the unique needs of female South Asian immigrant IPV survivors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380241231602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T02:21:01Z","timestamp":1708654861000},"page":"2927-2941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Protective Factors Affecting Trauma Recovery Among Female South Asian Immigrant Intimate Partner Violence Survivors: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4198-4387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farida Bibi","family":"Mughal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Saint Arnault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad F. Driver N. McNally M. J. Stewart D. E. (2009). \u201cWhy doesn\u2019t she seek help for partner abuse?\u201d An exploratory study with South Asian immigrant women. Social Science & Medicine 69(4) 613\u2013622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.06.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad F. Rai N. Petrovic B. Erickson P. E. Stewart D. E. (2013). Resilience and resources among South Asian immigrant women as survivors of partner violence. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 15 1057\u20131064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10903-013-9836-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-013-9836-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad-Stout F. Nath S. R. Khoury N. M. Huang H. (2021). Experiences of intimate partner violence: Findings from interviews with South Asian women in the United States. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 36(3\u20134) NP1941\u2013NP1964. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260517753850","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260517753850"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bauer N. S. Gilbert A. L. Carroll A. E. Downs S. M. (2013). Associations of early exposure to intimate partner violence and parental depression with subsequent mental health outcomes. JAMA Pediatrics 167(4) 341\u2013347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.780","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.780"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00050060600726296"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhandari S. (2018). South Asian women\u2019s coping strategies in the face of domestic violence in the United States. Health Care for Women International 39(2) 220\u2013242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07399332.2017.1385615","DOI":"10.1080\/07399332.2017.1385615"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Facilitators and barriers to addressing domestic violence among South Asian women in the US","volume":"1","author":"Bhandari S.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bhandari S. (2022). Facilitators and barriers to addressing domestic violence among South Asian women in the US. South Asian Journal of Law, Policy, and Social Research, 1(2), 73\u201396.","journal-title":"South Asian Journal of Law, Policy, and Social Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burnette C. Hefflinger T. (2016). Honoring resilience narratives: Protective factors among Indigenous women experiencing intimate partner violence. Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work 21(1) 63\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18084\/1084-7219.21.1.63","DOI":"10.18084\/1084-7219.21.1.63"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004251564_013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Intimate Partner Violence Sexual Violence and Stalking Among Men. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/intimatepartnerviolence\/men-ipvsvandstalking.html#:~:text=Across%20U.S.%20states%2C%20nearly%20a form%20of%20IPV%2Drelated%20impact"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaudhuri S. Morash M. Yingling J. (2014). Marriage migration patriarchal bargains and wife abuse: A study of South Asian women. Violence Against Women 20(2) 141\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1077801214521326","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801214521326"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crann S. E. Barata P. C. (2021). \u201cWe can be oppressed but that does not mean we cannot fight oppression\u201d: Narratives of resilience and advocacy from survivors of intimate partner violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 36(17\u201318) 8004\u20138026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260519848779","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519848779"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","first-page":"2675","volume-title":"Handbook of Interpersonal Violence and Abuse Across the Lifespan: A project of the National Partnership to End Interpersonal Violence Across the Lifespan (NPEIV)","author":"Dabby C.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dabby C., Yoshihama M. (2021). Gender-based violence and culturally specific advocacy in Asian and pacific islander communities. In Handbook of Interpersonal Violence and Abuse Across the Lifespan: A project of the National Partnership to End Interpersonal Violence Across the Lifespan (NPEIV) (pp. 2675\u20132703). Springer International Publishing."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das C. (2012). Barriers and supports to divorce for victimised British-Indian mothers and consequences of divorce: Narratives of British-Indian adult children of divorce. Child Care in Practice 18(2) 147\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13575279.2011.646953","DOI":"10.1080\/13575279.2011.646953"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Napoli I. Procentese F. Carnevale S. Esposito C. Arcidiacono C. (2019). Ending intimate partner violence (IPV) and locating men at stake: An ecological approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16(9) 1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph16091652","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16091652"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunter J. (2007). Intimate partner violence. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 34(3) 367\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ogc.2007.06.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2007.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrero-Arias R. Truong A. N. Ortiz-Barreda G. Briones-Vozmediano E. (2021). Keeping silent or running away. The voices of Vietnamese women survivors of Intimate Partner Violence. Global Health Action 14(1) 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/16549716.2020.1863128","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2020.1863128"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jordan A. Bhandari S. (2016). Lived experiences of South Asian women facing domestic violence in the United States. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work 25(3) 227\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15313204.2015.1134374","DOI":"10.1080\/15313204.2015.1134374"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jose R. Novaco R. W. (2016). Intimate partner violence victims seeking a temporary restraining order: Social support and resilience attenuating psychological distress. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 31(20) 3352\u20133376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260515584352","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260515584352"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kantor V. Knefel M. Lueger-Schuster B. (2017). Perceived barriers and facilitators of mental health service utilization in adult trauma survivors: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review 52 52\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.12.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kapur S. Zajicek A. (2018). Constructions of battered Asian Indian marriage migrants: The narratives of domestic violence advocates. Violence against Women 24(16) 1928\u20131948. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1077801218757373","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801218757373"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lelaurain S. Graziani P. Monaco G. L. (2017). Intimate partner violence and help-seeking. European Psychologist 22(4) 263\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1027\/1016-9040\/a000304","DOI":"10.1027\/1016-9040\/a000304"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levendosky A. A. Huth-Bocks A. C. Semel M. A. Shapiro D. L. (2002). Trauma symptoms in preschool-age children exposed to domestic violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 17(2) 150\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260502017002003","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260502017002003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liberati A. Altman D. G. Tetzlaff J. Mulrow C. G\u00f8tzsche P. C. Ioannidis J. P. Clarke M. Devereaux P. J. Kleijnen J. Moher D. (2009). The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: Explanation and elaboration. Annals of Internal Medicine 151(4) W-65\u2013W-94. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00136","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00136"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahapatra N. (2012). South Asian women in the US and their experience of domestic violence. Journal of Family Violence 27 381\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10896-012-9434-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-012-9434-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahapatra N. Rai A. (2019). Every cloud has a silver lining but.\u2004.\u2004.\u201cpathways to seeking formal-help and South-Asian immigrant women survivors of intimate partner violence\u201d. Health Care for Women International 40(11) 1170\u20131196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07399332.2019.1641502","DOI":"10.1080\/07399332.2019.1641502"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025875"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehrotra M. (1999). The social construction of wife abuse: Experiences of Asian Indian women in the United States. Violence against Women 5(6) 619\u2013640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10778019922181400","DOI":"10.1177\/10778019922181400"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021 March 9). Devastatingly pervasive: 1 in 3 women globally experience violence. World Health Organization. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/09-03-2021-devastatingly-pervasive-1-in-3-women-globally-experience-violence"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"The intimate partner violence stigmatization model and barriers to help seeking","author":"Overstreet N. M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Overstreet N. M., Quinn D. M. (2016). The intimate partner violence stigmatization model and barriers to help seeking. In Social psychological perspectives on stigma (pp. 117\u2013130). Routledge.","journal-title":"Social psychological perspectives on stigma"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","volume-title":"APHA\u2019s 2018 Annual Meeting & Expo (Nov. 10\u2013Nov. 14)","author":"Pallatino C.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pallatino C. (2018). Violence prevention for women, teens, and children. In APHA\u2019s 2018 Annual Meeting & Expo (Nov. 10\u2013Nov. 14), 10-14 November 2018, USA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","volume-title":"The Joanna Briggs Institute reviewers\u2019 manual 2015: Methodology for JBI scoping reviews","author":"Peters M. D.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peters M. D., Godfrey C. M., McInerney P., Soares C. B., Khalil H., Parker D. (2015). The Joanna Briggs Institute reviewers\u2019 manual 2015: Methodology for JBI scoping reviews. The Joanna Briggs Institute."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rai A. (2021). Indirect experiences with domestic violence and help-seeking preferences among south asian immigrants in the United States. Journal of Community Psychology 49(6) 1983\u20132002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcop.22492","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.22492"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raj A. Silverman J. G. (2007). Domestic violence help-seeking behaviors of South Asian battered women residing in the United States. International Review of Victimology 14(1) 143\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/026975800701400108","DOI":"10.1177\/026975800701400108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dangerous abusive relationships and sources of resilience for South Asian immigrant women survivors of intimate partner violence","volume":"3","author":"Sabri B.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sabri B., Bhandari S. S., Shah A. (2018). Dangerous abusive relationships and sources of resilience for South Asian immigrant women survivors of intimate partner violence. Journal of Social Work in the Global Community, 3, 1\u201320.","journal-title":"Journal of Social Work in the Global Community"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sabri B. Simonet M. Campbell J. C. (2018). Risk and protective factors of intimate partner violence among South Asian immigrant women and perceived need for services. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 24(3) 442\u2013452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/cdp0000189","DOI":"10.1037\/cdp0000189"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","author":"Shah S. A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shah S. A. (2014). Finding a voice: A qualitative study of South Asian women survivors of intimate partner violence (Doctoral dissertation, John F. Kennedy University).","journal-title":"Finding a voice: A qualitative study of South Asian women survivors of intimate partner violence"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shanthakumari R. S. Chandra P. S. Riazantseva E. Stewart D. E. (2014). \u201cDifficulties come to humans and not trees and they need to be faced\u201d: A study on resilience among Indian women experiencing intimate partner violence. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 60(7) 703\u2013710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0020764013513440","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764013513440"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stewart D. E. Vigod S. Riazantseva E. (2016). New developments in intimate partner violence and management of its mental health sequelae. Current Psychiatry Reports 18(4) 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-015-0644-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-015-0644-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sultana R. Ozen-Dursun B. Femi-Ajao O. Husain N. Varese F. Taylor P. (2022). A systematic review and meta-synthesis of barriers and facilitators of help-seeking behaviors in South Asian women living in high-income countries who have experienced domestic violence: Perception of domestic violence survivors and service providers. Trauma Violence & Abuse 24(5) 3187\u20133204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15248380221126189.","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380221126189"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","first-page":"443","article-title":"Using ecological model to understand intimate partner violence","volume":"4","author":"Tonsing J.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tonsing J. (2011). Using ecological model to understand intimate partner violence. International Journal of Arts & Sciences, 4(13), 443\u2013451.","journal-title":"International Journal of Arts & Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","author":"Vohra M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vohra M. (2016). The decision-making processes involved in ending intimate partner violence among Indian female immigrants [Doctoral dissertation, John F. Kennedy University].","journal-title":"The decision-making processes involved in ending intimate partner violence among Indian female immigrants"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whitfield C. L. Anda R. F. Dube S. R. Felitti V. J. (2003). Violent childhood experiences and the risk of intimate partner violence in adults: Assessment in a large health maintenance organization. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 18(2) 166\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260502238733","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260502238733"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Intimate partner violence against women and its related immigration stressors in Pakistani immigrant families in Germany","volume":"1","author":"Zakar R.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zakar R., Zakar M. Z., Faist T., Kraemer A. (2012). Intimate partner violence against women and its related immigration stressors in Pakistani immigrant families in Germany. SpringerPlus, 1(5), 1\u201314.","journal-title":"SpringerPlus"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zlotnick C. Johnson D. M. Kohn R. (2006). Intimate partner violence and long-term psychosocial functioning in a national sample of American women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 21(2) 262\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260505282564","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260505282564"}],"container-title":["Trauma, Violence, &amp; Abuse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15248380241231602","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15248380241231602","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15248380241231602","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:07:00Z","timestamp":1792037220000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15248380241231602"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15248380241231602"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15248380241231602","relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-8380","1552-8324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-8380","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8324","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]}}}