{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:20:34Z","timestamp":1792131634132,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trauma, Violence, &amp; Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Individuals who have experienced child protection system involvement are over-represented in criminal justice systems. This group faces greater risks of serious offending and justice system entrenchment relative to their peers without child protection system contact. Understanding the pathways from child protection to adult criminal justice system contact is critical for informing crime prevention policy and practice, yet most research on the maltreatment-offending relationship solely focuses on children\u2019s pathways from child protection to youth justice systems. This scoping review identified and synthesized evidence from studies examining adult justice system contact among individuals who have experienced child protection system involvement (including placement in out-of-home care [OOHC]). A search of six databases identified 7,599 publications, of which 37 met the inclusion criteria. These primary studies included adult participants with a history of child protection system involvement and adult criminal justice system contact (defined by administrative records or self-reported arrest, conviction, or incarceration). The review identified that many factors associated with increased likelihood of adult criminal justice system contact reflect those identified for youth justice involvement (e.g., male gender, racial minority or Indigenous status, a history of substantiated maltreatment, particularly physical abuse, placement in OOHC, particularly placement in residential care, placement for reasons of problem behavior, initial placement in early adolescence, and placement instability). While youth justice system contact is associated with increased risk, engagement in education or employment (for males), and becoming a parent appear to be associated with decreased risk of criminal justice system contact among adults previously involved in child protection systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380241279861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T12:35:02Z","timestamp":1726835702000},"page":"403-419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["From Care to Corrections: A Scoping Review of Pathways from Child Protection to Adult Criminal Justice Systems"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4394-1313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Baidawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenna","family":"Bollinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Purtell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allwood M. A. Widom C. S. (2013). Child abuse and neglect developmental role attainment and adult arrests. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 50(4) 551\u2013578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022427812471177","DOI":"10.1177\/0022427812471177"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arskey H. O\u2019Malley L. (2005). Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology 8(1) 19\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1364557032000119616.","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","unstructured":"Baidawi S. (2016). Continuing Care in Australia: An analysis of state and territory legislation and Policy. Melbourne: Home Stretch. https:\/\/thehomestretch.org.au\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/State-and-Territory-Legislation-and-Policy_Susan-Baidawi.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baidawi S. Ball R. (2023a). Child protection and youth offending: Differences in criminal court-involved children by dual system involvement. Children & Youth Services Review 144 106736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2022.106736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2022.106736"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baidawi S. Ball R. (2023b). Multi-system factors impacting youth justice involvement of children in residential care. Child & Family Social Work 28(1) 53\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cfs.12940","DOI":"10.1111\/cfs.12940"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baidawi S. Papalia N. Featherston R. (2023). Gender differences in the maltreatment-youth offending relationship: A scoping review. Trauma Violence & Abuse 24(2) 1140\u20131156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15248380211052106","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380211052106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baidawi S. Piquero A. (2021). Neurodisability among children at the nexus of child welfare and youth justice systems. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 50 803\u2013819. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-020-01234-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-020-01234-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baidawi S. Sheehan R. (2020a). \u2018Crossover\u2019 Children in the Youth Justice and Child Protection Systems. Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429291517"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baidawi S. Sheehan R. (2020b). Maltreatment and delinquency: Examining the contexts of offending among child protection-involved children. British Journal of Social Work 50(7) 2191\u20132211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjsw\/bcz113","DOI":"10.1093\/bjsw\/bcz113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baskin D. R. Sommers I. (2011). Child maltreatment placement strategies and delinquency. American Journal of Criminal Justice 36(2) 106\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12103-010-9088-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s12103-010-9088-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bjorkenstam E. Burstrom B. Hjern A. Vinnerljung B. Kosidou K. Berg L. (2019). Cumulative childhood adversity adolescent psychiatric disorder and violent offending in young adulthood. European Journal of Public Health 29(5) 855\u2013861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/ckz089","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckz089"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bright C. L. Jonson-Reid M. (2015). Multiple service system involvement and later offending behavior: Implications for prevention and early intervention. American Journal of Public Health 105(7) 1358\u20131364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302508","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302508"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","unstructured":"Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2021). Profile of prison inmates 2016. Survey of prison inmates. https:\/\/bjs.ojp.gov\/content\/pub\/pdf\/ppi16.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","unstructured":"Clarivate Analytics. (2013). EndNote (Version 20) [computer software]. Philadelphia PA: Clarivate Analytics."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2019.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cote S. M. Orri M. Marttila M. Ristikari T. (2018). Out-of-home placement in early childhood and psychiatric diagnoses and criminal convictions in young adulthood: A population-based propensity score-matched study. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health 2(9) 647\u2013653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30207-4","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30207-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","volume-title":"Midwest evaluation of the adult functioning of former foster youth: Outcomes at age 26","author":"Courtney M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Courtney M., Dworsky A., Brown A., Cary C., Love K., Vorhies V. (2011). Midwest evaluation of the adult functioning of former foster youth: Outcomes at age 26. Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","volume-title":"Midwest evaluation of the adult functioning of former foster youth: Outcomes at age 23 and 24","author":"Courtney M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Courtney M., Dworsky A., Lee J., Raap M. (2010). Midwest evaluation of the adult functioning of former foster youth: Outcomes at age 23 and 24. Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Courtney M. E. Dworsky A. (2006). Early outcomes for young adults transitioning from out-of-home care in the USA. Child & Family Social Work 11(3) 209\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2206.2006.00433.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2206.2006.00433.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","volume-title":"Midwest evaluation of the adult functioning of former foster youth: Outcomes at age 21","author":"Courtney M. E.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Courtney M. E., Dworsky A., Cusick G.R., Havlicek J., Perez A., Keller T. (2007). Midwest evaluation of the adult functioning of former foster youth: Outcomes at age 21. Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crawford B. Pharris A. B. Dorsett-Burrell R. (2018). Risk of serious criminal involvement among former foster youth aging out of care. Children and Youth Services Review 93 451\u2013457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2018.08.027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2018.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","volume-title":"Crime during the transition to adulthood: How youth fare as they leave out-of-home care","author":"Cusick G. R.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cusick G. R., Courtney M. E., Havlicek J., Hess N. (2011). Crime during the transition to adulthood: How youth fare as they leave out-of-home care. Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2016.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeGue S. Widom C. S. (2009). Does out-of-home placement mediate the relationship between child maltreatment and adult criminality? Child Maltreatment 14(4) 344\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1077559509332264","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559509332264"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doyle J. J.Jr. (2008). Child protection and adult crime: Using investigator assignment to estimate causal effects of foster care. Journal of Political Economy 116(4) 746\u2013770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/590216","DOI":"10.1086\/590216"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","volume-title":"Childhood victimization and delinquency, adult criminality, and violent criminal behavior: A replication and extension, final report","author":"English D.","year":"2002","unstructured":"English D., Widom C. S., Brandford C. (2002). Childhood victimization and delinquency, adult criminality, and violent criminal behavior: A replication and extension, final report. U.S Department of Justice."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fitzpatrick C. Hunter K. Shaw J. Staines J. (2024). Confronting intergenerational harm: Care experience motherhood and criminal justice involvement. The British Journal of Criminology 64(2) 257\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjc\/azad028","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azad028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Font S. Berger L. M. Slepicka J. Cancian M. (2021). Foster care permanency and risk of prison entry. Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency 58(6) 710\u2013754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00224278211001566","DOI":"10.1177\/00224278211001566"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung H. LaLonde R. (2016). The relationship between re-incarceration and their own childhood foster care experience of women. Children and Youth Services Review 62 40\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2016.01.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2016.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15453\/0191-5096.2664"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kapp S. A. Schwartz I. Epstein I. (1994). Adult imprisonment of males released from residential childcare: A longitudinal study. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth 12(2) 19\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1300\/J007v12n02_03","DOI":"10.1300\/J007v12n02_03"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kent H. Kirby A. Leckie G. Cornish R. Hogarth L. Williams W. H. (2023). Looked after children in prison as adults: Life adversity and neurodisability. International Journal of Prisoner Health 19(4) 512\u2013523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJPH-08-2022-0051","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPH-08-2022-0051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee J. S. Courtney M. E. Hook J. L. (2012). Formal bonds during the transition to adulthood: Extended foster care support and criminal\/legal involvement. Journal of Public Child Welfare 6(3) 255\u2013279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15548732.2012.683336","DOI":"10.1080\/15548732.2012.683336"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee J. S. Courtney M. E. Tajima E. (2014). Extended foster care support during the transition to adulthood: Effect on the risk of arrest. Children and Youth Services Review 42 34\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2014.03.018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2014.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindquist M. J. Santavirta T. (2014). Does placing children in foster care increase their adult criminality?. Labour Economics 31 72\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.labeco.2014.10.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.labeco.2014.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","volume-title":"Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, no 265","author":"Lynch M.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lynch M., Buckman J., Krenske L. (2003). Youth justice: Criminal trajectories. Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, no 265. Criminology Research Council."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2016.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.11.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matthews B. McVie S. Thompson C. Stewart A. (2022). From childhood system contact to adult criminal conviction: Investigating intersectional inequalities using Queensland administrative data. Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology 8(3) 440\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40865-022-00204-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s40865-022-00204-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maxfield M. G. Widom C. S. (1996). The cycle of violence: Revisited 6 years later. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 150(4) 390\u2013395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpedi.1996.02170290056009","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1996.02170290056009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15588742.2014.929074"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","volume-title":"Young people leaving state out-of-home care","author":"Mendes P.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mendes P., Johnson G., Moslehuddin B. (2011). Young people leaving state out-of-home care. Australian Scholarly Publishing."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mersky J. P. Janczewski C. (2013). Adult well-being of foster care alumni: Comparisons to other child welfare recipients and a non-child welfare sample in a high-risk urban setting. Children and Youth Services Review 35(3) 367\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2012.11.016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2012.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nikulina V. Widom C. S. Czaja S. (2011). The role of childhood neglect and childhood poverty in predicting mental health academic achievement and crime in adulthood. American Journal of Community Psychology 48(3\u20134) 309\u2013321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10464-010-9385-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-010-9385-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","volume-title":"Assisting care leavers: Time for action","author":"Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)","year":"2022","unstructured":"Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2022). Assisting care leavers: Time for action. OECD Publishing."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park S. Okpych N. J. Harty J. S. Courtney M. E. (2023). County-level factors matter: The role of contextual factors in foster youths\u2019 extended foster care participation and human capital outcomes. Child Maltreatment 28(2) 332\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10775595221088226","DOI":"10.1177\/10775595221088226"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rhoades K. A. Leve L. D. Eddy J. M. Chamberlain P. (2016). Predicting the transition from juvenile delinquency to adult criminality: Gender-specific influences in two high-risk samples. Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health 26(5) 336\u2013351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbm.1957","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.1957"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104973150101100303"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryan J. P. Marshall J. M. Herz D. Hernandez P. M. (2008). Juvenile delinquency in child welfare: Investigating group home effects. Children and Youth Services Review 30(9) 1088\u20131099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2008.02.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2008.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryan J. P. Testa M. F. (2005). Child maltreatment and juvenile delinquency: Investigating the role of placement and placement instability. Children and Youth Services Review 27(3) 227\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/104973150101100303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2004.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stoll C.R.T. Izadi S. Fowler S. Green P. Suls J. Colditz G. A. (2019). The value of a second reviewer for study selection in systematic reviews. Research Synthesis Methods 10 539\u2013545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jrsm.1369","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1369"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teyhan A. Wijedasa D. Macleod J. (2018). Adult psychosocial outcomes of men and women who were looked-after or adopted as children: Prospective observational study. BMJ Open 8(2) e019095. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019095","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019095"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Topitzes J. Mersky J. P. Reynolds A. J. (2012). From child maltreatment to violent offending: An examination of mixed-gender and gender-specific models. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 27(12) 2322\u20132347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260511433510","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260511433510"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vinnerljung B. Salln\u00e4s M. (2008). Into adulthood: A follow-up study of 718 young people who were placed in out-of-home care during their teens. Child and Family Social Work 13(2) 144\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2206.2007.00527.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2206.2007.00527.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Widom C. S. (1989). Child abuse neglect and adult behavior: Research design and findings on criminality violence and child abuse. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 59(3) 355\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1989.tb01671.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1989.tb01671.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Widom C. S. Ames M. A. (1994). Criminal consequences of childhood sexual victimization. Child Abuse and Neglect 18(4) 303\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0145-2134(94)90033-7","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(94)90033-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Widom C. S. Massey C. (2015). A prospective examination of whether childhood sexual abuse predicts subsequent sexual offending. JAMA Pediatrics 169(1) e143357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.3357","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.3357"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Widom C. S. Osborn M. (2021). The cycle of violence: Abused and neglected girls to adult female offenders. Feminist Criminology 16(3) 266\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1557085120987628","DOI":"10.1177\/1557085120987628"}],"container-title":["Trauma, Violence, &amp; Abuse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15248380241279861","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15248380241279861","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15248380241279861","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T05:32:56Z","timestamp":1777699976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15248380241279861"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15248380241279861"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15248380241279861","relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-8380","1552-8324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-8380","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8324","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]}}}