{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:10:33Z","timestamp":1787238633970,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743206400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trauma, Violence, &amp; Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sexual assault is a pervasive social issue worldwide, with significant harmful impacts on survivors\u2019 mental health and well-being. Sexual assault services that provide specialist crisis and therapeutic programs are contending with long waiting lists. Brief interventions are emerging as a potential strategy to provide timely care, but it is important to know whether these approaches remain effective in improving patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To synthesize evidence informing the effectiveness of brief interventions on person-centered outcomes for people who have experienced sexual assault.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four databases were systematically searched for trials testing the effectiveness of brief interventions (\u22646 sessions) for sexual assault survivors. Studies were appraised, and data was extracted. Results from trials with homogenous data were combined in meta-analyses, and evidence certainty was assessed using GRADE. Remaining studies were synthesized descriptively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighteen studies were included. Meta-analyses of randomized trials (n\u2009=\u20097) provide moderate certainty evidence that brief interventions improve symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (6 studies), depression (4 studies), and anxiety (2 studies). Results across other controlled and single-group pre-post studies further supported these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Brief interventions can have a significant impact on reducing mental health symptoms for survivors who have experienced a sexual assault, providing support for the use of these models of care to broaden the reach and accessibility of sexual assault support services. There is limited evidence about other person-centered outcomes, such as quality of life measures, when considering brief interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380251325215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T22:59:05Z","timestamp":1743289145000},"page":"871-886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effectiveness of Brief Interventions for Sexual Assault Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4187-8374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renee","family":"Burdeu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Centre Against Sexual Assault, Eastern Heath, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Latrobe University, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8249-4304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Becca","family":"Allchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Program, Eastern Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0207-7071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine E.","family":"Harding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latrobe University, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Eastern Health Allied Health Clinical Research Office, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","unstructured":"AIHW. (2020). Sexual Assault in Australia. https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/getmedia\/0375553f-0395-46cc-9574-d54c74fa601a\/aihw-fdv-5.pdf.aspx?inline=true"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allon M. (2015). EMDR group therapy with women who were sexually assaulted in the Congo. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 9(1) 28-34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1891\/1933-3196.9.1.28","DOI":"10.1891\/1933-3196.9.1.28"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","unstructured":"APA. (2017). Clinical practice guideline for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. Retrieved 25 June 2024 from https:\/\/www.apa.org\/ptsd-guideline\/patients-and-families\/length-treatment"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belleville G. Dube-Frenette M. Rousseau A. (2018). Efficacy of imagery rehearsal therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy in sexual assault victims with posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Traumatic Stress 31(4) 591\u2013601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.22306","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22306"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bragesjo M. Larsson K. Nordlund L. Anderbro T. Andersson E. Moller A. (2020). Early psychological intervention after rape: A feasibility study. Frontiers Psychology 11 1595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01595","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01595"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Briere J. Jordan C. E. (2004). Violence against women: outcome complexity and implications for assessment and treatment. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 19(11) 1252\u20131276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260504269682.","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260504269682"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brotto L. A. Seal B. N. Rellini A. (2012). Pilot study of a brief cognitive behavioral versus mindfulness-based intervention for women with sexual distress and a history of childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 38(1) 1\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0092623X.2011.569636","DOI":"10.1080\/0092623X.2011.569636"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campbell R. Dworkin E. Cabral G. (2009). An ecological model of the impact of sexual assault on women's mental health. Trauma Violence & Abuse 10(3) 225\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1524838009334456","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838009334456"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chard K. M. (2005). An evaluation of cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood sexual abuse [Cognitive Therapy 3311]. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 73(5) 965\u2013971. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.73.5.965","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.5.965"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Covers M. L. V. de Jongh A. Huntjens R. J. C. de Roos C. van den Hout M. Bicanic I. A. E. (2021). Early intervention with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy to reduce the severity of post-traumatic stress symptoms in recent rape victims: A randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Psychotraumatology 12(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20008198.2021.1943188","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2021.1943188"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Downs S. H. Black N. (1998). The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 52(6) 377\u2013384. http:\/\/jech.bmj.com\/cgi\/content\/abstract\/52\/6\/377","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.52.6.377"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dworkin E. Krahe B. Zinzow H. (2021). The global prevalence of sexual assault: A systematic review of international research since 2010. Psychology Violence 11(5) 497\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/vio0000374","DOI":"10.1037\/vio0000374"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dworkin E. R. Jaffe A. E. Bedard-Gilligan M. Fitzpatrick S. (2023). PTSD in the year following sexual assault: A meta-analysis of prospective studies. Trauma Violence & Abuse 24(2) 497\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15248380211032213","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380211032213"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dworkin E. R. Menon S. V. Bystrynski J. Allen N. E. (2017). Sexual assault victimization and psychopathology: A review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review 56 65\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.06.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Echeburua E. de Corral P. Sarasua B. Zubizarreta I. (1996). Treatment of acute posttraumatic stress disorder in rape victims: An experimental study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 10(3) 185\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0887-6185%2896%2989842-2","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-6185(96)89842-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edmond T. Rubin A. Wambach K. G. (1999). The effectiveness of EMDR with adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Social Work Research 23(2) 103\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/swr\/23.2.103","DOI":"10.1093\/swr\/23.2.103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elklit A. Christiansen D. M. (2010). ASD and PTSD in rape victims. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 25(8) 1470\u20131488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260509354587","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260509354587"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","unstructured":"Farahi N. McEachern M. (2021). Sexual assault of women. American Family Physician 103(3) 168\u2013176."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foa E. B. McLean C. P. Capaldi S. Rosenfield D. (2013). Prolonged exposure vs supportive counseling for sexual abuse-related PTSD in adolescent girls: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 310(24) 2650\u20132657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2013.282829","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.282829"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guyatt G. H. Oxman A. D. Vist G. E. Kunz R. Falck-Ytter Y. Alonso-Coello P. Schunemann H. J. (2008). GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 336(7650) 924\u2013926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ha N. Bae S.-M. Hyun M.-H. (2019). The effect of forgiveness writing therapy on post-traumatic growth in survivors of sexual abuse. Sexual and Relationship Therapy 34(1) 10\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14681994.2017.1327712","DOI":"10.1080\/14681994.2017.1327712"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","unstructured":"Higgins J. P. T. Thomas J. Chandler J. Cumpston M. Li T. Page MJ. Welch VA. (Eds). (2024). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane. www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ho R. T. H. (2015). A place and space to survive: A dance\/movement therapy program for childhood sexual abuse survivors. Arts in Psychotherapy 46((Ho) 9\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aip.2015.09.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aip.2015.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holliday R. Williams R. Bird J. Mullen K. Suris A. (2015). The role of cognitive processing therapy in improving psychosocial functioning health and quality of life in veterans with military sexual trauma-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychological Services 12(4) 428\u2013434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ser0000058","DOI":"10.1037\/ser0000058"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hooper P. Jutai J. W. Strong G. Russell-Minda E. (2008). Age-related macular degeneration and low-vision rehabilitation: a systematic review. Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology. Journal Canadien D'ophtalmologie 43(2) 180\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3129\/i08-001","DOI":"10.3129\/i08-001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Isaac S. McLindon E. Hegarty K. Tarzia L. (2024). Women\u2019s experiences accessing mental health care in australia after sexual violence in adulthood. Violence Against Women 30(12\u201313) 3140\u20133162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10778012231176198","DOI":"10.1177\/10778012231176198"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung K. Steil R. (2013). A randomized controlled trial on cognitive restructuring and imagery modification to reduce the feeling of being contaminated in adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 82(4) 213\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000348450","DOI":"10.1159\/000348450"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelley L. P. Weathers F. W. McDevitt-Murphy M. E. Eakin D. E. Flood A. M. (2009). A comparison of PTSD symptom patterns in three types of civilian trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress 22(3) 227\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.20406","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20406"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kilpatrick D. G. Acierno R. Resnick H. S. Saunders B. E. Best C. L. (1997). A 2-year longitudinal analysis of the relationships between violent assault and substance use in women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 65(5) 834\u2013847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/\/0022-006x.65.5.834","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-006X.65.5.834"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krakow B. Hollifield M. Johnston L. Koss M. Schrader R. Warner T. D. Tandberg D. Lauriello J. McBride L. Cutchen L. Cheng D. Emmons S. Germain A. Melendrez D. Sandoval D. Prince H. (2001). Imagery rehearsal therapy for chronic nightmares in sexual assault survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association 286(5) 537\u2013545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.286.5.537","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.5.537"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li L. Shen X. Zeng G. Huang H. Chen Z. Yang J. Wang X. Jiang M. Yang S. Zhang Q. Li H. (2023). Sexual violence against women remains problematic and highly prevalent around the world. BMC Women\u2019s Health 23(1) 196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-023-02338-8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02338-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lomax J. Meyrick J. (2022). Systematic Review: Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions on wellbeing outcomes for adolescent or adult victim\/survivors of recent rape or sexual assault. Journal of Health Psychology 27(2) 305\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1359105320950799","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105320950799"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","volume-title":"\u2018Reclaiming power over my story, my body and myself\u2019: Recovery and healing for adult victim-survivors of sexual violence","author":"McLindon E.","year":"2024","unstructured":"McLindon E., McKenzie M., Webster A., Hargrave J., Turner-Myatt P., Maltzahn K., Tarzia L. (2024). \u2018Reclaiming power over my story, my body and myself\u2019: Recovery and healing for adult victim-survivors of sexual violence. Melbourne: University of Melbourne, Sexual, Assault Services, Victoria & Women with Disabilities Victoria."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meston C. M. Lorenz T. A. Stephenson K. R. (2013). Effects of expressive writing on sexual dysfunction depression and PTSD in women with a history of childhood sexual abuse: Results from a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Sexual Medicine 10(9) 2177\u20132189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsm.12247","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12247"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miles L. W. Valentine J. L. Mabey L. J. Hopkins E. S. Stodtmeister P. J. Rockwood R. B. Moxley A. N. H. (2023). A systematic review of evidence-based treatments for adolescent and adult sexual assault victims. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 10783903231216138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10783903231216138","DOI":"10.1177\/10783903231216138"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murphy S. M. Amick-McMullan A. E. Kilpatrick D. G. Haskett M. E. Veronen L. J. Best C. L. Saunders B. E. (1988). Rape victims' self-esteem: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 3(4) 355\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/088626088003004001","DOI":"10.1177\/088626088003004001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mustafa R. A. El Mikati I. K. Murad M. H. Hultcrantz M. Steingart K. R. Yang B. Leeflang M. M. G. Akl E. A. Dahm P. Schunemann H. J. (2024). GRADE guidance 37: rating imprecision in a body of evidence on test accuracy. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 165 111189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.10.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nascimento D. d. C. Petriz B. Oliveira S. d. C. Vieira D. C. L. Funghetto S. S. Silva A. O. Prestes J. (2019). Effects of blood flow restriction exercise on hemostasis: a systematic review of randomized and non-randomized trials. International Journal of General Medicine 12 91\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJGM.S194883","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S194883"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nath A. Thakuria P. K. Gogoi N. K. (2024). A cross-sectional study on quality of life of survivors of sexual assault. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 13(1) 368\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1346_23","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1346_23"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nixon R. D. (2012). Cognitive processing therapy versus supportive counseling for acute stress disorder following assault: a randomized pilot trial. Behavior Therapy 43(4) 825\u2013836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2012.05.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2012.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nixon R. D. V. Best T. Wilksch S. R. Angelakis S. Beatty L. J. Weber N. (2016). Cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of acute stress disorder following sexual assault: A randomised effectiveness study. Behaviour Change 33(4) 232\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/bec.2017.2","DOI":"10.1017\/bec.2017.2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O'Connor S. R. Tully M. A. Ryan B. Bradley J. M. Baxter G. D. McDonough S. M. (2015). Failure of a numerical quality assessment scale to identify potential risk of bias in a systematic review: a comparison study. BMC Research Notes 8 224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13104-015-1181-1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1181-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oosterbaan V. Covers M. L. V. Bicanic I. A. E. Huntjens R. J. C. de Jongh A. (2019). Do early interventions prevent PTSD? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the safety and efficacy of early interventions after sexual assault. European Journal of Psychotraumatology 10(1) 1682932. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20008198.2019.1682932","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2019.1682932"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Page M. J. McKenzie J.E. Bossuyt P.M. Boutron I. Hoffmann T.C. Mulrow C.D. et al . (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372(71). https:\/\/doi.org\/doi:10.1136\/bmj.n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajan G. Wachtler C. Lee S. Wandell P. Philips B. Wahlstrom L. Svedin C. G. Carlsson A. C. (2022). A one-session treatment of PTSD after single sexual assault trauma. A pilot study of the WONSA MLI project: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 37(9\u201310) NP6582\u2013NP6603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260520965973","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520965973"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rauch S. A. M. Grunfeld T. E. E. Yadin E. Cahill S. P. Hembree E. Foa E. B. (2009). Changes in reported physical health symptoms and social function with prolonged exposure therapy for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Depression and Anxiety 26(8) 732\u2013738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.20518","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20518"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Regehr C. Alaggia R. Dennis J. Pitts A. Saini M. (2013). Interventions to reduce distress in adult victims of rape and sexual violence: A systematic review [Behavior Disorders & Antisocial Behavior 3230]. Research on Social Work Practice 23(3) 257\u2013265. http:\/\/ovidsp.ovid.com\/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=psyc12&NEWS=N&AN=2013-12988-002","DOI":"10.1177\/1049731512474103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Resick P. A. Nishith P. Weaver T. L. Astin M. C. Feuer C. A. (2002). A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 70(4) 867\u2013879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/\/0022-006x.70.4.867","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.70.4.867"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Resick P. A. Williams L. F. Suvak M. K. Monson C. M. Gradus J. L. (2012). Long-term outcomes of cognitive-behavioral treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder among female rape survivors [Cognitive Therapy 3311]. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 80(2) 201\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0026602","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026602"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","first-page":"317","article-title":"A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disordered sexual assault victims","volume":"61","author":"Rothbaum B. O.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rothbaum B. O. (1997). A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disordered sexual assault victims. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 61(3), 317\u2013334.","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rothbaum B. O. Astin M. C. Marsteller F. (2005). Prolonged exposure versus eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for PTSD rape victims [Anxiety Disorders 3215 Psychotherapy & Psychotherapeutic Counseling 3310]. Journal of Traumatic Stress 18(6) 607-616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.20069","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20069"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rothbaum B. O. Foa E. B. Riggs D. S. Murdock T. Walsh W. (1992). A prospective examination of post-traumatic stress disorder in rape victims [Behavior Disorders & Antisocial Behavior 3230]. Journal of Traumatic Stress 5(3) 455\u2013475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.2490050309","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490050309"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rothbaum B. O. Kearns M. C. Price M. Malcoun E. Davis M. Ressler K. J. Lang D. Houry D. (2012). Early intervention may prevent the development of posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized pilot civilian study with modified prolonged exposure. Biological Psychiatry 72(11) 957\u2013963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.06.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rothman K. Georgia Salivar E. Roddy M. K. Hatch S. G. Doss B. D. (2021). Sexual assault among women in college: Immediate and long-term associations with mental health psychosocial functioning and romantic relationships. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 36(19\u201320) 9600\u20139622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260519870158","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519870158"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruppar T. (2020). Meta-analysis: How to quantify and explain heterogeneity? European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 19(7) 646\u2013652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1474515120944014","DOI":"10.1177\/1474515120944014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schalk T. Oliero J. Fedele E. Trousset V. Lefevre T. (2023). Evaluation of multidimensional functional impairment in adult sexual assault survivors with a focus on its psychological physical and social dimensions based on validated measurements: A PRISMA systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20(14). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20146373","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20146373"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-11-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serrano-Rodriguez E. Luque-Ribelles V. Hervias-Parejo V. (2024). Psychosocial consequences of sexual assault on women: A scoping review. Archives of Sexual Behavior. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-024-03013-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-024-03013-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steil R. Jung K. Stangier U. (2011). Efficacy of a two-session program of cognitive restructuring and imagery modification to reduce the feeling of being contaminated in adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse: A pilot study. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 42(3) 325\u2013329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbtep.2011.01.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2011.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steuwe C. Rullkotter N. Ertl V. Berg M. Neuner F. Beblo T. Driessen M. (2016). Effectiveness and feasibility of Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) in patients with borderline personality disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder\u2014A pilot study. BMC Psychiatry 16 254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-016-0969-4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-0969-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarquinio C. Brennstuhl M. J. Reichenbach S. Rydberg J. A. Tarquinio P. (2012). Early treatment of rape victims: Presentation of an emergency EMDR protocol. Sexologies: European Journal of Sexology and Sexual Health \/ Revue europeenne de sexologie et de sante sexuelle 21(3) 113\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sexol.2011.11.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sexol.2011.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarquinio C. Schmitt A. Tarquinio P. Rydberg J. A. Spitz E. (2012). Benefits of \u201ceye movement desensitization and reprocessing\u201d psychotherapy in the treatment of female victims of intimate partner rape. Sexologies: European Journal of Sexology and Sexual Health \/ Revue europeenne de sexologie et de sante sexuelle 21(2) 60\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sexol.2011.05.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sexol.2011.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vickerman K. A. Margolin G. (2009). Rape treatment outcome research: Empirical findings and state of the literature [Psychotherapy & Psychotherapeutic Counseling 3310]. Clinical Psychology Review 29(5) 431\u2013448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.04.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.04.004"}],"container-title":["Trauma, Violence, &amp; Abuse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15248380251325215","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15248380251325215","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15248380251325215","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T01:48:31Z","timestamp":1782265711000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15248380251325215"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15248380251325215"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15248380251325215","relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-8380","1552-8324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-8380","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8324","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]}}}