{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T22:33:22Z","timestamp":1780698802765,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008240","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec-Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et Culture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Postdoctoral Fellowship B3Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Postdoctoral Fellowship B3Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008240","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trauma, Violence, &amp; Abuse"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Many individuals who have experienced behaviors that legally qualify as rape do not \u201cacknowledge\u201d them (or label them) as such. Although the prevalence of and barriers surrounding rape acknowledgment have been substantially researched, its associations with victims\u2019 recovery remain less understood. This systematic review aims to (a) critically assess the methodology used to study the associations between rape acknowledgment and mental health outcomes; (b) explore how rape acknowledgment is associated with mental health outcomes; and (c) identify variables that may influence or explain these associations (e.g., moderators, mediators, and confounders). Three electronic databases (PsycNet, PubMed, and Scopus) were systematically screened following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Peer-reviewed studies written in English and published between 1985 and May 2023 were included if they met the following criteria: (a) employed a quantitative design; (b) assessed rape acknowledgment; (c) assessed psychological distress or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms; (d) involved adult participants; and (e) presented original data. A total of 26 studies met the inclusion criteria. The included studies primarily focused on the experiences of White undergraduate cisgender women. In most studies, unacknowledged victims reported lower or similar levels of psychological distress or PTSD symptoms compared to acknowledged victims. In some cases, a significant association between rape acknowledgment and psychological distress or PTSD symptoms became nonsignificant after accounting for other variables. Although rape acknowledgment is crucial from a societal standpoint, these findings challenge the assumption that acknowledging a nonconsensual sexual experience as rape inherently facilitates recovery. Instead, rape characteristics and meaning attributions may play a more significant role.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380251401927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T10:34:43Z","timestamp":1771410883000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Does Labeling a Nonconsensual Sexual Experience as Rape Facilitate Recovery? A Systematic Review of the Associations Between Rape Acknowledgment and Mental Health"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0751-9895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Th\u00e9or\u00eat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Bhuyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2975-1062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zo\u00eb D.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University Bloomington, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9anne","family":"Lapierre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8474-2076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie M. G.","family":"Fontaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l\u2019apprentissage (CIRCA), Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"*Anderson R. E. Tarasoff L. A. VanKim N. Flanders C. (2021). Differences in rape Acknowledgment and mental health outcomes across transgender nonbinary and cisgender bisexual youth. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 36(13\u201314) NP7717\u2013NP7739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260519829763","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519829763"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"*Artime T. M. McCallum E. B. Peterson Z. D. (2014). Men\u2019s acknowledgment of their sexual victimization experiences. 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