{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T09:03:34Z","timestamp":1780563814270,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780185600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trauma, Violence, &amp; Abuse"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Parenting programs are a key strategy for reducing child maltreatment and strengthening parents\u2019 protective factors. However, evidence for their effectiveness remains inconclusive, and few reviews have examined results by outcome domains or program types. This article aims to analyze the effectiveness of parenting programs in preventing or reducing child maltreatment and improving parenting and family dynamics. We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2013 and 2023, through the Web of Science, Scopus, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases. Data synthesis included narrative synthesis and vote counting based on direction of effect, with binomial tests. Twenty-three studies involving 3,997 participants were included. Analysis by outcome domain indicated significant improvements in parenting practices (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.004), parenting stress and emotional regulation (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.006), family functioning (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and parental risk factors (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.004). No significant effects were detected for child maltreatment reports (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.063), child abuse potential (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.219), parenting knowledge and sense of competence (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.180), or child functioning (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.063). Regarding program type and theoretical approach, parent training (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and interventions with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) components (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) showed significant effectiveness, while home visiting (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.070) and interventions that combined CBT with other approaches (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.063) did not reach statistical significance. Parenting programs may be effective strategies for preventing child maltreatment, although effects are limited and not always sustained over time. More RCTs with robust designs are needed to strengthen the evidence base and demonstrate effectiveness in protecting children.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380261451837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T14:39:42Z","timestamp":1780238382000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of Parenting Programs in Preventing Child Maltreatment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0705-8921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana\u00efs","family":"Quiroga-Carrillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8434-8570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tania","family":"Ramos-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2768-3329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar","family":"Lorenzo Moledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4274-3836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra M.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves C. 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