{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:35:15Z","timestamp":1792787715944,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Google","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00njsd438","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Centre for Law As Protection, Deakin Law School, Deakin University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02czsnj07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trauma, Violence, &amp; Abuse"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Artificial intelligence\u2013generated image-based sexual abuse (AI-IBSA), colloquially known as \u201csexual deepfakes,\u201d includes the non-consensual creation and\/or sharing of intimate images generated by and\/or modified using artificial intelligence (\u201cAI-IBSA content\u201d). While literature on AI-IBSA is growing, a scoping review of empirical (scholarly and gray) literature on the terminology, nature, prevalence (victimization and perpetration), community attitudes toward, and harms and impacts of AI-IBSA by and\/or against adults is yet to be undertaken through a gender-inclusive lens. Thus, we searched six bibliographic databases to identify studies that met seven inclusion criteria: (a) empirical research; (b) on AI-IBSA perpetration and\/or victimization; (c) of adults; (d) using qualitative and\/or quantitative methods; (e) published as scholarly or gray literature; (f) between January 2017 and January 2026 (inclusive); and (g) in English. Across the 34 reviewed studies, our critical findings include that most terminology lacked consistency and clarity, did not explicitly name AI-IBSA as abuse, and conflated AI-IBSA content with pornography in general. In terms of gender, content analyses showed that publicly available AI-IBSA content on selected websites overwhelmingly appears to depict women, but prevalence studies painted a more complex picture, with men self-reporting higher rates of victimization for some AI-IBSA behaviors than women. Despite the significant harms of AI-IBSA, community attitudes differed based on victim-survivor type, perpetration motivations, and\/or other contextual factors. We argue that AI-IBSA research, policy, and practice could particularly benefit from further prevalence studies, diverse lived experience expertise, and prevention responses that aim to dismantle the harmful norms and attitudes undergirding this form of technology\u2013facilitated gender-based violence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380261487144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:04:09Z","timestamp":1791867849000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Scoping Review of Artificial Intelligence\u2013Generated Image-Based Sexual Abuse: Terminology, Nature, Prevalence, Attitudes, and Harms"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0505-422X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Witt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Deakin University, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4197-1956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7968-1459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Ridgway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1286-9686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrienne","family":"Ringin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","unstructured":"* Indicates studies included in the review *Ajder H. (2020). Deepfake report. SensityAI. https:\/\/sensity.ai\/deepfake-report-2020\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","unstructured":"*Ajder H. Patrini G. Cavalli F. Cullen L. (2019). The state of deepfakes: Landscape threats and impact. Deeptrace. https:\/\/regmedia.co.uk\/2019\/10\/07\/deepfake_report.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arksey H. O\u2019Malley L. (2005). Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology 8(1) 19\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1364557032000119616","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2026). Violence prevalence. https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/statistics\/detailed-methodology-information\/concepts-sources-methods\/personal-safety-survey-user-guide\/2021-22\/violence-prevalence"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bansal V. Rezwan M. Iyer M. Leasure E. Roth C. Pal P. Hinson L. (2024). A scoping review of technology-facilitated gender-based violence in low- and middle-income countries across Asia. Trauma Violence & Abuse 25(1) 463\u2013475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15248380231154614","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380231154614"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","unstructured":"Bielefeld University Library. (2025). BASE (Bielefeld Academic Search Engine). https:\/\/www.base-search.net\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"*Bitton D. B. Hoffmann C. P. Godulla A. (2025). Deepfakes in the context of AI inequalities: Analysing disparities in knowledge and attitudes. Information Communication & Society 28(2) 295\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1369118X.2024.2420037","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2024.2420037"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","unstructured":"*Brigham N. G. Wei M. Kohno T. Redmiles E. M. (2024). \u201cViolation of my body:\u201d Perceptions of AI-generated non-consensual (intimate) imagery. arVix. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arxiv.2406.05520"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","unstructured":"*Centre for Countering Digital Hate. (2026). Grok floods X with sexualized images of women and children. https:\/\/counterhate.com\/research\/grok"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","unstructured":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization. (2026). Library Guides: Artificial Intelligence (AI). https:\/\/libguides.csiro.au\/AI\/AI-overview"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"*D\u00f6ring N. Le T. D. Miller D. J. (2025). Experiences with AI-generated pornography: A quantitative content analysis of reddit posts. Archives of Sexual Behavior. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-025-03227-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-025-03227-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"*Fido D. Rao J. Harper C. A. (2022). Celebrity status sex and variation in psychopathy predicts judgements of and proclivity to generate and distribute deepfake pornography. Computers in Human Behavior 129 Article 107141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2021.107141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.107141"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"*Fido D. Goldfinch H. Ruddy D. Harper C. A. (2026). Judgements of deepfake sexual abuse victims differ as a function of facial versus body likenesses. Journal of Sexual Aggression. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13552600.2026.2677935","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/2m4da_v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"*Flynn A. Powell A. Eaton A. Scott A. J. (2025). Sexualized deepfake abuse: Perpetrator and victim perspectives on the motivations and forms of non-consensually created and shared sexualized deepfake imagery. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08862605251368834","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605251368834"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"*Flynn A. Powell A. Scott A. J. Cama E. (2022). Deepfakes and digitally altered imagery abuse: A cross-country exploration of an emerging form of image-based sexual abuse. British Journal of Criminology 62(6) 1341\u20131358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjc\/azab111","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azab111"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","unstructured":"*Gibson C. Olszewski D. Brigham N. G. Crowder A. Butler K. R. B. Traynor P. Redmiles E. M. Kohno T. (2025 August 13\u201315). Analyzing the AI nudification application ecosystem [Conference session]. SEC\u201925: 34th USENIX Conference on Security Symposium Seattle United States. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arxiv.2411.09751"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","unstructured":"*Han C. Li A. Kumar D. Durumeric Z. (2025 August 13\u201315). Characterizing the MrDeepFakes sexual deepfake marketplace [Conference session]. SEC\u201925: 34th USENIX Conference on Security Symposium Seattle United States. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arxiv.2410.11100"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henry N. Beard G. (2024). Image-based sexual abuse perpetration: A scoping review. Trauma Violence & Abuse 25(5) 3981\u20133998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15248380241266137","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380241266137"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","volume-title":"Image-based sexual abuse: A study on the causes and consequences of non-consensual nude or sexual imagery","author":"Henry N.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Henry N., McGlynn M., Flynn F., Johnson K., Powell A., Scott A. (2021). Image-based sexual abuse: A study on the causes and consequences of non-consensual nude or sexual imagery. Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"*Henry N. Umbach R. Shelby R. Beard G. Given L. (2026a). \u2018It\u2019s still abuse\u2019: Community attitudes and perceptions on AI-generated image-based sexual abuse. Information Communication & Society. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1369118X.2026.2613437","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2026.2613437"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henry N. Vowles C. Beard G. (2026b). \u201cDoing gender\u201d: A digital ethnography of image-based abuse perpetration. New Media & Society 28(4) 1571\u20131591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14614448251356604","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448251356604"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ison J. Wilson I. Forsdike K. Theobald J. Wilson E. Laslett A.M. Hooker L. (2024). A Scoping review of global literature on alcohol and other drug-facilitated sexual violence. Trauma Violence & Abuse 26(5) 889\u2013906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15248380241297349","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380241297349"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"*Kim S. Banks J. (2024). Expanding experiences and anxieties: Gender-identity and sexual-orientation differences in attitudes toward synthetic pornography. Porn Studies 11(4) 434\u2013453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23268743.2024.2400945","DOI":"10.1080\/23268743.2024.2400945"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","unstructured":"*Kugler M. B. Pace C. (2021). Deepfake privacy: Attitudes and regulation. Northwestern University Law Review 116(3) 611\u2013680. https:\/\/www.webofscience.com\/wos\/woscc\/full-record\/WOS:000754824700001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","unstructured":"*Lakatos S. (2023). A revealing picture. AI-generated \u201cundressing\u201d images move from niche pornography discussion forums to a scaled and monetized online business. Graphika. https:\/\/public-assets.graphika.com\/reports\/graphika-report-a-revealing-picture.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lazard L. Capdevila R. Turley E. L. Gilfoyle K. Stavropoulou N. (2025). Deepfake technology and gender-based violence: A scoping review. Trauma Violence & Abuse. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15248380251384271","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380251384271"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"*Lee H.-P. Yang Y.-J. von Davier T. S. Forlizzi J. Das S. (2024 May 11\u201316). Deepfakes phrenology surveillance and more! A taxonomy of AI privacy risks [Conference session]. CHI\u201924: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Honolulu United States. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arxiv.2310.07879","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642116"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"*Lee J.-Y. (2026) Silenced by non-consensual deepfakes? Perceived threat and online self-censorship among female users: Mediating roles of perceived control belief in a just world and passive SNS use. Telematics and Informatics Reports 21(2026) Article 100279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.teler.2025.100279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.teler.2025.100279"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lorca J. G. (2025). It\u2019s not porn it\u2019s sexual abuse: A scoping review of sexual deepfakes public opinions perpetration and harms. Violence and Gender 12(4) 95\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23267836251389595","DOI":"10.1177\/23267836251389595"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"*Maddocks S. (2020). \u201cA deepfake porn plot intended to silence me\u201d: Exploring continuities between pornographic and \u201cpolitical\u201d deep fakes. Porn Studies 7(4) 415\u2013423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23268743.2020.1757499","DOI":"10.1080\/23268743.2020.1757499"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_1","unstructured":"*Mantzarlis A. Lakatos S. (2025 July 13). AI Nudifiers continue to reach millions and make millions. INDiCATOR. https:\/\/indicator.media\/p\/ai-nudifiers"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"*McCosker A. (2024). Making sense of deepfakes: Socializing AI and building data literacy on GitHub and YouTube. New Media & Society 26(5) 2786\u20132803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14614448221093943","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448221093943"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_1","unstructured":"McGlynn C. (2021). Written evidence submitted by Professor Clare McGlynn Durham Law School Durham University (OSB0014) [Submission]. UK Parliament Joint Committee on the Draft Online Safety Bill. https:\/\/committees.parliament.uk\/writtenevidence\/39012\/pdf\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_1","volume-title":"Exposed: The rise of extreme porn and how we fight back","author":"McGlynn C.","year":"2026","unstructured":"McGlynn C. (2026). Exposed: The rise of extreme porn and how we fight back. Oneworld Publications."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_1","unstructured":"McGlynn C. Macdonald S. Toparlak R. T. Tarrant F. Treacy S. (2026). Invisible no more: How AI chatbots are reshaping violence against women and girls. Durham University Swansea University and Lucerne University. https:\/\/e87dab74-be98-4bb1-83c5-05251d2bc6f4.usrfiles.com\/ugd\/e87dab_06a7f0801de549689c294d42e0478a3c.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Mental Health. (2026). What is prevalence? https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/what-is-prevalence"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nazir A. Wang Z. (2023). A comprehensive survey of ChatGPT: Advancements applications prospects and challenges. Meta-Radiology 1(2) Article 100022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metrad.2023.100022 https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37901715\/","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metrad.2023.100022"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"*Newton O. B. Stanfill M. (2020). My NSFW video has partial occlusion: Deepfakes and the technological production of non-consensual pornography. Porn Studies 7(4) 398\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23268743.2019.1675091","DOI":"10.1080\/23268743.2019.1675091"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_1","unstructured":"*Ofcom. (2024). A deep dive into deepfakes that demean defraud and disinform. Office of Communications United Kingdom Government. https:\/\/www.ofcom.org.uk\/online-safety\/illegal-and-harmful-content\/deepfakes"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_1","unstructured":"Office of the eSafety Commissioner. (2026). Periodic notice Report 3: A snapshot of eSafety\u2019s findings. https:\/\/www.esafety.gov.au\/industry\/basic-online-safety-expectations\/child-sexual-exploitation-and-abuse-material-and-activity\/periodic-notice-report-3-snapshot"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quilty E. Flynn A. (2026). Technology-facilitated violence in the Indo-Pacific: A scoping review. Trauma Violence & Abuse 27(3) 704\u2013716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15248380251323217","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380251323217"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_1","unstructured":"*Rousay V. (2023). Sexual deepfakes and image-based sexual abuse: Victim-survivor experiences and embodied harms [Master\u2019s thesis Harvard University]. DASH. https:\/\/nrs.harvard.edu\/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37374909"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_1","unstructured":"*Security Hero. (2023). 2023 State of deepfakes: Realities threats and impact. https:\/\/www.securityhero.io\/state-of-deepfakes\/#overview-of-current-state"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_1","unstructured":"*Shaughnessy S. (2024). Ctrl+Alt+Consent: Exploring the digital generation\u2019s perspective on entirely computer-generated pornography. Bristol Institute for Learning and Teaching (BILT) Student Research Journal 5. https:\/\/research-information.bris.ac.uk\/en\/publications\/ctrlaltconsent"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_1","unstructured":"*Sippy T. Enock F. Bright J. Margetts H. Z. (2024). Behind the deepfake: 8% Create; 90% concerned. Surveying public exposure to and perceptions of deepfakes in the UK. ArXiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arxiv.2407.05529"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/9781478060048"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tricco A. C. Lillie E. Zarin W. O\u2019Brien K. K. Colquhoun H. Levac D. Moher D. Peters M. D. J. Horsley T. Weeks L. Hempel S. Akl E. A. Chang C. McGowan J. Lesley S. Hartling L. Aldcroft A. Wilson M. G. Garrity C. .\u2004.\u2004. Straus S. E. (2018). PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and explanation. Annals of Internal Medicine 169(7) 467\u2013473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M18-0850","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"*Umbach R. Henry N. Beard G. F. (2025 May 1). Prevalence and impacts of image-based sexual abuse victimization: A multinational study [Conference session]. 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI\u201925) Yokohama Japan (pp. 1\u201320). Association for Computing Machinery. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3706598.3713545","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713545"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"*Umbach R. Henry N. Beard G. F. Berryessa C. M. (2024 May 11\u201316). Non-consensual synthetic intimate imagery: Prevalence attitudes and knowledge in 10 countries [Conference session]. 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI\u201924) Honolulu United States (pp. 1\u201320). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3613904.3642382","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642382"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"*Umbach R. Henry N. Shelby R. Stevens G. Gonzalez-Pons K. (2026). AI-generated image-based sexual abuse: Perpetration and consumption across three regions. Computers in Human Behaviour 179 Article 108935. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2026.108935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.108935"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"*Wang S. Kim S. (2022a). Users\u2019 emotional and behavioral responses to deepfake videos of K-pop idols. Computers in Human Behavior 134 Article 107305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107305"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"*Wang S. Kim S. (2022b). How do people feel about deepfake videos of K-pop idols? Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 47(2) 375\u2013386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7840\/kics.2022.47.2.375","DOI":"10.7840\/kics.2022.47.2.375"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_1","unstructured":"*Wei M. Consolvo S. Kelley P. G. Kohno T. Matthews T. Meiklejohn S. Roesner F. Shelby R. Thomas K. Umbach R. (2024). Understanding help-seeking and help-giving on social media for image-based sexual abuse [Conference session]. 33rd USENIX Security Symposium 2024 Philadelphia United States (pp. 4391\u20134408). USENIX Association. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/system\/files\/usenixsecurity24-wei-miranda-understanding.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"*Williams K. (2025) \u201cThere are no limits!\u201d: AI undressing apps and the normalization of nonconsensual intimate deepfakes. Violence Against Women. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10778012251397966","DOI":"10.1177\/10778012251397966"}],"container-title":["Trauma, Violence, &amp; Abuse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15248380261487144","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15248380261487144","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15248380261487144","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:55:52Z","timestamp":1792065352000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15248380261487144"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15248380261487144"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15248380261487144","relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-8380","1552-8324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-8380","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8324","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"article-number":"15248380261487144"}}