{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T23:10:55Z","timestamp":1777677055466,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,30]],"date-time":"2012-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Promotion Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Free medical clinics serve a critical role in health care delivery of America\u2019s uninsured population, who are less likely to receive tobacco cessation counseling and 1\u00bd times more likely than the general population to use tobacco. The authors evaluate the opportunities for and challenges to implementing the U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines for tobacco cessation in free clinics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six free clinics participated in this pilot study. Five objectives were targeted: implementation of a tobacco user identification system, education of all clinic staff and volunteers, dedication of a program champion, use of evidence-based treatment, and creation of a supportive environment that reinforces provider behavior. Key informant interviews and focus group data were used to describe the opportunities and barriers of implementing the Public Health Service Guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All clinics adopted a user identification system, dedicated a program champion, adopted evidence-based counseling, and created an environment conducive for cessation. Common challenges included getting volunteers to attend on-site training programs, accessing nicotine replacement therapy, and promoting Quit Line usage, all of which are part of evidence-based treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With more than 1,200 free clinics nationwide, it is very important to understand the opportunities and barriers of implementing tobacco cessation services and systems in free clinics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1524839911433465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,30]],"date-time":"2012-03-30T20:14:49Z","timestamp":1333138489000},"page":"687-695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Integrating Evidence-Based Tobacco Cessation Interventions in Free Medical Clinics"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kristie L.","family":"Foley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Davidson College, Davidson, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica R.","family":"Pockey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald W.","family":"Helme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun-Young","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Davidson College, Davidson, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina Association of Free Clinics, Winston-Salem, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John G.","family":"Spangler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin L.","family":"Sutfin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1524839911433465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6920-7-36"},{"key":"bibr2-1524839911433465","unstructured":"Buettgens M., Hall M. (2011). Who will be uninsured after health insurance reform? (Research Brief). Washington, DC: Urban Institute. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.urban.org\/health_policy\/url.cfm?ID=1001520"},{"key":"bibr3-1524839911433465","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2006). A practical guide to working with health-care systems on tobacco-use treatment. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tobacco\/quit_smoking\/cessation\/practical_guide\/pdfs\/practical_guide.pdf"},{"key":"bibr4-1524839911433465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.11.4.329"},{"key":"bibr5-1524839911433465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.21.5.277"},{"key":"bibr6-1524839911433465","unstructured":"Fiore M. C., Jaen C. R., Baker T. B., Bailey W. C., Benowitz N., Curry S. C. Wewers M. S. (2008). Treating tobacco use and cessation: 2008 update. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 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