{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T23:27:23Z","timestamp":1777678043245,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]],"date-time":"2020-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000102","name":"Health Resources and Services Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H97HA28892"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H97HA28892"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Promotion Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. The burden of HIV-related stigma is associated with disparities in linkage to HIV care and viral suppression. The Positive Peers smartphone application aims to provide young people living with HIV with a supportive virtual community to counteract perceived stigma and better manage their illness. Method. A mixed-methods study that included a prospective survey and in-depth interviewing was conducted with young adults living with HIV, aged 13 to 34 years (n = 128). As part of a larger study, participants used the Positive Peers mobile application and reported demographic data, perceived stigma, and other psychosocial variables at enrollment, 6 months, and 12 months (n = 128). Select participants (n = 15) described their experiences in audio-recorded qualitative interviews. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed for potential themes and patterns. Results. A longitudinal multivariate model was developed to assess changes in stigma over the study period, overall, and with respect to participant characteristics. Baseline and 6-month stigma scores were higher for White and Other ethnicity persons relative to Black participants. At the 12-month time point, no statistical differences in stigma scores based on ethnicity were apparent. Interviews revealed Positive Peers as a nondiscriminatory community that offered a sense of belonging that appeared to have a restorative effect on negative self-image. Conclusions. Positive Peers provides a protected virtual space where young people living with HIV can converge in the common desire to support similar others. Mobile health applications that offer peer interaction may provide a persistent sense of belonging that neutralizes internalized stigmas in addition to benefits derived from application activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1524839920936244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]],"date-time":"2020-08-06T05:52:17Z","timestamp":1596693137000},"page":"744-754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Positive Peers Mobile Application Reduces Stigma Perception Among Young People Living With HIV"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1185-3303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary M.","family":"Step","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"McMillen Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven A.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA"},{"name":"Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodore J.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann K.","family":"Avery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA"},{"name":"Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1524839920936244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2008.02.004"},{"key":"bibr2-1524839920936244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-017-1712-y"},{"key":"bibr3-1524839920936244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-020-02798-1"},{"key":"bibr4-1524839920936244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00377319109517366"},{"key":"bibr5-1524839920936244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.54.10.805"},{"key":"bibr6-1524839920936244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.98.2.310"},{"key":"bibr7-1524839920936244","volume-title":"Designing and conducting mixed methods research","author":"Creswell J. 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