{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T02:18:23Z","timestamp":1785291503577,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5 NU87PS004162-05-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5 NU87PS004162-05-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Promotion Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In 2013, the Chicago Public Schools district received funding from the Division of Adolescent and School Health at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to implement a series of strategies aimed to reduce HIV, STIs (sexually transmitted diseases), and related risk behaviors among students. One such set of strategies included \u201csafe and supportive environments\u201d (SSE), aimed to support lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, and other LGBTQ+ students. SSE strategies included professional development and technical assistance provided to K\u201312 school staff (teachers, administrators, social workers, etc.) to implement the following practices: support for transgender and gender nonconforming students in accordance with district guidelines, use of LGBTQ+ inclusive curricula, posting of signs and symbols of support, and creation of Genders and Sexualities Alliance student clubs. To monitor progress and performance, both quantitative and qualitative process measure data were collected. Quantitative data consisted of key metrics such as number of staff trained and surveillance data collected through school health profiles in collaboration with the CDC. Qualitative data were gathered to understand barriers and facilitators to implementation of SSE practices via interviews with 55 school staff members and four focus groups with 31 high school students. Results indicated an increased uptake of all SSE activities across the 5-year funding period. Findings also reveal additional needed supports, such as increased availability and offering of professional development for all staff, support for staff in engaging parents, and ensuring the LGBTQ+ inclusive sexual health education curriculum is experienced as such by students. Current work to address these needs is described.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15248399211006492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T07:28:17Z","timestamp":1619162897000},"page":"686-698","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Strategies to Support LGBTQ+ Students in High Schools: What Did We Learn in Chicago Public Schools?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9618-9930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Jarpe-Ratner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Booker","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chicago Public Schools, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maham","family":"Choudry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Wishart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chicago Public Schools, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernestina","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chicago Public Schools, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8906-5446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Fagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15248399211006492","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1059840520970847"},{"key":"bibr2-15248399211006492","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19361653.2012.714343"},{"key":"bibr3-15248399211006492","first-page":"1","volume":"48","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1999","journal-title":"MMWR Recommendations and Reports"},{"key":"bibr4-15248399211006492","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2003\u20132013). U.S. youth risk behavior survey data. www.cdc.gov\/yrbs"},{"key":"bibr5-15248399211006492","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Adolescent and School Health. (2013). Promoting adolescent health through school-based HIV\/STD prevention and school-based surveillance. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthyyouth\/fundedprograms\/1308\/pdf\/rfa-1308.pdf"},{"key":"bibr6-15248399211006492","unstructured":"DiPaolo M., Mangiaracina M., Hermann M., Marshall B., Tully J., Little D., Jarpe-Ratner E., Seweryn S. (2020). LGBTQ health in Chicago public high schools: Working toward equity. https:\/\/www.cps.edu\/globalassets\/cps-pages\/services-and-supports\/health-and-wellness\/healthy-cps\/healthy-environment\/lgbtq-supportive-environments\/lgbtq-health-in-cps.pdf"},{"key":"bibr7-15248399211006492","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198111418634"},{"key":"bibr8-15248399211006492","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.20173"},{"key":"bibr9-15248399211006492","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2017.1317467"},{"key":"bibr10-15248399211006492","volume-title":"The 2019 National School Climate Survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer youth in our nation\u2019s schools","author":"Kosciw J. G.","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr11-15248399211006492","unstructured":"Los Angeles LGBT Center. (n.d.). OUT for Safe Schools\u00ae. https:\/\/lalgbtcenter.org\/out-for-safe-schools\/about-out-for-safe-schools"},{"key":"bibr12-15248399211006492","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-016-0501-7"},{"key":"bibr13-15248399211006492","volume-title":"Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook","author":"Miles M. B.","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr14-15248399211006492","first-page":"465","volume-title":"Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice","author":"Sallis J. F.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr15-15248399211006492","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4278\/0890-1171-10.4.282"},{"key":"bibr16-15248399211006492","volume-title":"Basics of qualitative research","author":"Strauss A. 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