{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T12:37:37Z","timestamp":1779885457617,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712793600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000102","name":"Health Resources and Services Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H89HA00028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H89HA00028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000102","name":"Health Resources and Services Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U90HA31449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U90HA31449"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Promotion Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Housing and employment are key factors in the health and well-being of people with HIV (PWH). Patient navigation programs to improve housing and employment show success in achieving viral suppression. Replicating patient navigation interventions to improve population health is needed. Understanding costs associated with patient navigation is a key next step. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe the costs associated with delivering patient navigator interventions in two different organizations to improve housing and employment for PWH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cost analysis of two models of patient navigation. Costs were collected from two sites\u2019 payroll, invoices, contracts, and receipts. Pre-implementation and implementation costs and utilization of service costs are presented. Potential reimbursement costs were calculated based on salaries from the Department of Labor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The health clinic\u2019s pre-implementation costs were higher ($169,133) than the health department\u2019s ($22,018). However, costs of patient navigation during the 2-year intervention were similar between health clinic and health department ($264,985 and $232,923, respectively). The health clinic reported more total time spent with clients (16,013.7 hours) than the health department (1,883.8 hours). The costs per additional person suppressed were $20,632 versus $37,810 for the health department and health clinic, respectively, which are lower than the average lifetime cost of HIV treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Replicability and scalability of a patient navigation intervention are possible in both health clinic and health department settings. Each site had specific costs, client needs, and other factors that required adaptations to successfully implement the intervention. Future programs should consider tailoring costs to site-specific factors to improve outcomes. Policymakers and public health officials should consider using these results to improve planning and investment in HIV treatment and prevention interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15248399241245059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T01:56:05Z","timestamp":1712886965000},"page":"711-718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cost and Activity Analysis of Patient Navigation for Persons With HIV: Comparing Health Department and Health Clinic Delivered Interventions"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8536-0085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph S.","family":"Lightner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Positive Impact Health Centers, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis","family":"Barnhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JSI Research and Training Institute, Inc, Arlington, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Rajabiun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aidala A. A. Wilson M. G. Shubert V. Gogolishvili D. Globerman J. Rueda S. Bozack A. K. Caban M. Rourke S. B. (2016). Housing status medical care and health outcomes among people living with HIV\/AIDS: A systematic review. American Journal of Public Health 106(1) e1\u2013e23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302905","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302905"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bingham A. Shrestha R. K. Khurana H. Jacobson E. U. Farnham P. G. (2021). Estimated lifetime HIV-related medical costs in the United States. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 48(4) 299\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001366","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001366"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dayton L. Tobin K. Latkin C. (2021). Understanding HIV\/AIDS prevention and care in the context of competing health and well-being priorities among black men who have sex with men in Baltimore MD. 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