{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T06:19:41Z","timestamp":1793859581303,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Promotion Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>LGBTQI+ individuals often face health disparities, with encumbered outcomes. We investigated the perspectives of a wide range of Greek health professionals using a battery of questionnaires examining LGBTQI+ health-related knowledge, attitudes, and clinical preparedness, while exploring the potential challenges they face when providing care for LGBTQI+ patients via qualitative analysis of their free text answers. In total, 220 health professionals participated, including physicians, nurses, dentists, physiotherapists, social workers, nutritionists, medical laboratory professionals, pharmacists, radiographers, and health promotion specialists. Four main themes were revealed concerning the barriers to providing equitable and patient-centered care to LGBTQI+ individuals: (1) Inadequate knowledge (1a. Distinctive health issues of the LGBTQI+ community, 1b. Community-related terminology), (2) Insufficient communication skills (2a. General approach of LGBTQI+ patients, 2b. Addressing LGBTQI+ individuals, 2c. Managing critical attitudes of colleagues\/third parties), (3) Personal perceptions (3a. Attitudes toward the LGBTQI+ community, 3b. Perceptions on the necessity of sexual health history), and (4) Ambiguous bureaucratic procedures. Self-identification, contact with community members in personal life, as well as LGBTQI+ patients\u2019 openness during the encounter were reportedly enabling inclusive care. Most participants (83.2%) expressed willingness for further training on LGBTQI+ health issues. Going forward, study participants identified this field, in conjunction with communication skills, as important areas of focus for training health providers and empowering them to provide equitable, patient-centered, high-quality care to the LGBTQI+ community.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15248399241275632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T17:00:10Z","timestamp":1727110810000},"page":"735-745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Qualitative Insights Into Healthcare Professionals\u2019 Perceived Barriers in Providing Equitable and Patient-Centered Care to Members of the LGBTQI+ Community in Greece"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ilias","family":"Pagkozidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Bettina","family":"Haidich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loukas","family":"Athanasiadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodoros","family":"Dardavesis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9626-9295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoi","family":"Tsimtsiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akinbolue D. Raifman J. R. Day T. Morgan A. Mehta S. Stewart R. W. Wharton M. J. Kravet S. J. Arrington-Sanders R. (2023). Qualitative exploration of PCPs\u2019 mental health role for LGBT youth in Baltimore: A socio-ecological lens. Journal of LGBT Youth 20(4) 918\u2013939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19361653.2022.2108534","DOI":"10.1080\/19361653.2022.2108534"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Argyriadis A. Fradelos E. C. Argyriadi A. Ziegler E. Kaba E. (2023). Advancing access to quality LGBTQIA+ health care: Gender discrimination socio-cultural and mental health issues: A mixed-method study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20(6) Article 4767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20064767","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20064767"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayhan C. H. B. Bilgin H. Uluman O. T. Sukut O. Yilmaz S. Buzlu S. (2020). A systematic review of the discrimination against sexual and gender minority in health care settings. International Journal of Health Services 50(1) 44\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0020731419885093","DOI":"10.1177\/0020731419885093"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bidell M. P. (2017). The Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgender Development of Clinical Skills Scale (LGBT-DOCSS): Establishing a new interdisciplinary self-assessment for health providers. Journal of Homosexuality 64(10) 1432\u20131460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00918369.2017.1321389","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2017.1321389"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boskey E. R. Taghinia A. H. Ganor O. (2019). Self-assessment of clinical competence with LGBT patients at a pediatric hospital. Social Work in Health Care 58(6) 547\u2013556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00981389.2019.1588189","DOI":"10.1080\/00981389.2019.1588189"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braybrook D. Bristowe K. Timmins L. Roach A. Day E. Clift P. Rose R. Marshall S. Johnson K. Sleeman K. E. Harding R. (2023). Communication about sexual orientation and gender between clinicians LGBT+ people facing serious illness and their significant others: A qualitative interview study of experiences preferences and recommendations. BMJ Quality & Safety 32(2) 109\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/BMJQS-2022-014792","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2022-014792"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown M. McCann E. Webster-Henderson B. Lim F. McCormick F. (2023). The inclusion of LGBTQ+ health across the lifespan in pre-registration nursing programmes: Qualitative findings from a mixed-methods study. Healthcare 11(2) Article 198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare11020198","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11020198"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Connors J. Casares M. C. Honigberg M. C. Davis J. A. (2020). LGBTQ health disparities. In Lehman J. Diaz K. Ng H. Petty E. Thatikunta M. Eckstrand K. (Eds.) The equal curriculum (pp. 13\u201331). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-24025-7_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-24025-7_2"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics","volume":"1989","author":"Crenshaw K.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Crenshaw K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989(1), 139\u2013167.","journal-title":"University of Chicago Legal Forum"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frost D. M. Meyer I. H. (2023). Minority stress theory: Application critique and continued relevance. Current Opinion in Psychology 51 Article 101579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copsyc.2023.101579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2023.101579"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","unstructured":"Giannou D. (2017). \u201cNormalized absence pathologised presence\u201d understanding the health inequalities of LGBT people in Greece (Publication No. 10627194) [Doctoral dissertation Durham University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herek G. M. (1988). Heterosexuals\u2019 attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: Correlates and gender differences. The Journal of Sex Research 25(4) 451\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224498809551476","DOI":"10.1080\/00224498809551476"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jivraj N. Shapiro G. K. Schulz-Quach C. Van de Laar E. Liu Z. A. Weiss J. Croke J. (2022). Evaluating healthcare professionals\u2019 knowledge attitudes practices and education interest in LGBTQ2 + cancer care. Journal of Cancer Education 38 1163\u20131169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S13187-022-02244-X","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187-022-02244-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McNeill S. G. McAteer J. Jepson R. (2023). Interactions between health professionals and lesbian gay and bisexual patients in healthcare settings: A systematic review. Journal of Homosexuality 70(2) 250\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00918369.2021.1945338","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2021.1945338"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyer I. H. (2003). Prejudice social stress and mental health in lesbian gay and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin 129(5) 674\u2013697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitchell L. A. Jacobs C. McEwen A. (2023). (In)visibility of LGBTQIA+ people and relationships in healthcare: A scoping review. Patient Education and Counseling 114 Article 107828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pec.2023.107828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2023.107828"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moseson H. Zazanis N. Goldberg E. Fix L. Durden M. Stoeffler A. Hastings J. Cudlitz L. Lesser-Lee B. Letcher L. Reyes A. Obedin-Maliver J. (2020). The imperative for transgender and gender nonbinary inclusion: Beyond women\u2019s health. Obstetrics and Gynecology 135(5) 1059\u20131068. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003816","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003816"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","unstructured":"National LGBTQIA+ Health Education Center. (2020). LGBTQIA+ glossary of terms for health care teams. https:\/\/www.lgbtqiahealtheducation.org\/publication\/lgbtqia-glossary-of-terms-for-health-care-teams\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nowaskie D. Z. (2020). A national survey of U.S. psychiatry residents\u2019 LGBT cultural competency: The importance of LGBT patient exposure and formal education. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health 24(4) 375\u2013391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19359705.2020.1774848","DOI":"10.1080\/19359705.2020.1774848"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nowaskie D. Z. Sewell D. D. (2021). Assessing the LGBT cultural competency of dementia care providers. Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia : Translational Research & Clinical Interventions 7(1) Article e12137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/TRC2.12137","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12137"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nowaskie D. Z. Sowinski J. S. (2019). Primary care providers\u2019 attitudes practices and knowledge in treating LGBTQ communities. Journal of Homosexuality 66(13) 1927\u20131947. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00918369.2018.1519304","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2018.1519304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pratt-Chapman M. L. Phillips S. (2020). Health professional student preparedness to care for sexual and gender minorities: Efficacy of an elective interprofessional educational intervention. Journal of Interprofessional Care 34(3) 418\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13561820.2019.1665502","DOI":"10.1080\/13561820.2019.1665502"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sabin J. A. Riskind R. G. Nosek B. A. (2015). Health care providers\u2019 implicit and explicit attitudes toward lesbian women and gay men. American Journal of Public Health 105(9) 1831\u20131841. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302631","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302631"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith C. P. Atkinson J. W. Mcclelland D. C. Veroff J. (Eds.). (1992). Motivation and personality: Handbook of thematic content analysis. Cambridge University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9780511527937","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511527937"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsimtsiou Z. Hatzimouratidis K. Nakopoulou E. Kyrana E. Salpigidis G. Hatzichristou D. (2006). Predictors of physicians\u2019 involvement in addressing sexual health issues. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 3(4) 583\u2013588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1743-6109.2006.00271.X","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2006.00271.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ussher J. M. Perz J. Allison K. Power R. Hawkey A. Dowsett G. W. Hickey M. Parton C. McDonald F. E. J. Davis I. D. Quinn G. P. Boydell K. Robinson K. H. Chambers S. Anazodo A. (2022). Attitudes knowledge and practice behaviours of oncology health care professionals towards lesbian gay bisexual transgender queer and intersex (LGBTQI) patients and their carers: A mixed-methods study. Patient Education and Counseling 105(7) 2512\u20132523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.PEC.2021.12.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2021.12.008"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"Faking it: Social desirability response bias in self-report research","volume":"25","author":"van de Mortel T. F.","year":"2008","unstructured":"van de Mortel T. F. (2008). Faking it: Social desirability response bias in self-report research. The Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 25(4), 40\u201348.","journal-title":"The Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.19791"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2022). Social determinants of health. https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/social-determinants-of-health"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeeman L. Sherriff N. Browne K. McGlynn N. Mirandola M. Gios L. Davis R. Sanchez-Lambert J. Aujean S. Pinto N. Farinella F. Donisi V. Nied\u017awiedzka-Stadnik M. Rosi\u0144ska M. Pierson A. Amaddeo F. & Health4LGBTI Network. (2019). A review of lesbian gay bisexual trans and intersex (LGBTI) health and healthcare inequalities. European Journal of Public Health 29(5) 974\u2013980. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/cky226","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cky226"}],"container-title":["Health Promotion Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15248399241275632","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15248399241275632","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15248399241275632","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:25:45Z","timestamp":1777451145000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15248399241275632"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15248399241275632"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15248399241275632","relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-8399","1552-6372"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-8399","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6372","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]}}}