{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:41:46Z","timestamp":1792035706632,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Promotion Practice"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The needs of people experiencing homelessness (PEH) are at a modern high, yet health-promotion programs typically operate from clinic-based models that do not reliably reach unsheltered settings. Street engagement, conducted with community partners, can support access to basic needs, trust-building, and continuity of care. We present the BRIDGE framework (Build trust, Rapidly assess, Identify needs, Direct connections, Guide handoffs, Evaluate follow-up), distilled from sustained community outreach with PEH in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, integrating harm-reduction, trauma-informed communication, and warm handoffs through practical tools (approach scripts, packing lists, and safety checklists). We collect feasible process indicators (e.g. number of contacts, referrals initiated, and successful connections) and provide a flow figure and protocol table to guide action. Embedded vignettes from multiple perspectives provide implementation context. BRIDGE operationalizes equitable health promotion for street engagement centered on ethics, safety, and trust and can be adopted by health departments, academic programs, and community partners to systematize outreach and strengthen continuity of care. A clear, replicable framework with minimal metrics can elevate street engagement beyond goodwill to accountable practice that advances health equity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15248399261458260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T12:00:36Z","timestamp":1782216036000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Step-By-Step: The BRIDGE Framework for Equitable Outreach to People Experiencing Homelessness"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5008-8498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Simenz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Marchlewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ProHealth Care, Waukesha, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7718-4547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bailey Z. D. Krieger N. Ag\u00e9nor M. Graves J. Linos N. Bassett M. T. (2017). Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: Evidence and interventions. The Lancet 389(10077) 1453\u20131463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30569-X","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30569-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","unstructured":"California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle). (n.d.). Homeless encampment reference guide. https:\/\/calrecycle.ca.gov\/illegaldump\/homelesscamp\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021 June 7). Interim guidance on people experiencing unsheltered homelessness. https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/106874\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crafton W. (2014). The incremental revolution: Ronald Reagan and welfare reform in the 1970s. Journal of Policy History 26(1) 27\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0898030613000365","DOI":"10.1017\/S0898030613000365"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Derrien M. M. Cerveny L. K. Bratman G. N. Levy C. Frank P. Serio N. Blahna D. J. (2023). Unsheltered homelessness in public natural areas across an urban-to-wildland system: Institutional perspectives. Society & Natural Resources 36(8) 947\u2013969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08941920.2023.2199381","DOI":"10.1080\/08941920.2023.2199381"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","volume-title":"Scholarship assessed: Evaluation of theprofessoriate","author":"Glassick C. E.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Glassick C. E., Huber M. T., Maeroff G. I. (1997). Scholarship assessed: Evaluation of theprofessoriate. Jossey-Bass."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenberry S. A. (1983). National social welfare commitments under the Reagan administration. Journal of Urban Affairs 5(1) 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9906.1983.tb00019.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9906.1983.tb00019.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (2024 December). The 2024 annual homelessness assessment report (AHAR) to congress: Part 1 point-in-time estimates of homelessness in the United States. https:\/\/www.huduser.gov\/portal\/sites\/default\/files\/pdf\/2024-AHAR-Part-1.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","unstructured":"U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2020). Homelessness: Better HUD oversight of data collection could improve estimates of homeless population (GAO-20-433). https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/products\/gao-20-433"}],"container-title":["Health Promotion Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15248399261458260","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15248399261458260","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15248399261458260","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T07:49:28Z","timestamp":1782460168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15248399261458260"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"references-count":9,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15248399261458260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15248399261458260","relation":{},"ISSN":["1524-8399","1552-6372"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1524-8399","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6372","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"article-number":"15248399261458260"}}